The Development of States and Empires

Hellenic culture

________: gave rise to philosophy, scientific thinking, Greek dramas, and fine architecture and sculpture.

Roman Republic

________: a state without a monarch and one in which all or most citizens play some role.

Gupta scholars

________ originated the decimal system,"Arabic numerals and the concepts of 0 and ∏.

Overreach

________: states and empires overextended themselves, leading to decline and downfall.

Pillars Of Ashoka

________: raised stone columns carved with Buddhist teachings.

Oligarchic government

________: rich, powerful families ruled.

Horse Collar

________: allowed heavier loads to be pulled.

China

Ruled most of ________, parts of Vietnam, Korea, Manchuria, and Mongolia.

tributary system

Established a(n) ________: extracting payment from neighboring states.

Hieroglyphic script

________: the most advance system of writing in pre- Columbian Americas.

Provincial administration

________: divided the empire into 20 or so regions and delegated legal authority over them to officials called satraps.

Siegecraft

________: art of capturing cities.

Alexander

________ the Great: launched one of the most successful military campaigns of all time.

Han dynasty

________: built on the ________.

Diplomacy

________: states sought allies, negotiated treaties to end or avoid wars.

Phoenicians

________: originators of the alphabet and great seafaring traders.

Ashoka

________: best known of the Mauryan emperors.

Alexandria

________: Alexanders grand capital located in Egypt.

Military advantages

________: crossbow, cavalry warfare.

Aristocracies

________: noble families who shared inn running the government.

Smallpox epidemic

________, measles and bubonic plague: severely depleted the empires population and economic production.

Sparta

________: Produced the Greek worlds finest and most feared army.

Lydians

________ invented metal coinage.

Slavery

________ was common in all Greek city- states.

Collapse

________ can be due to internal or external factors.

Tributary states

________: extorting money or dictating policy without conquering states.

Aqueducts

________: to carry water over long distances.

Persians of present day Iran

The ________ came to dominate the Middle East.

Greco Roman

________ classicism: Roman and Greek culture absorbing together.

Mauryan Empire

The ________ was founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 324- 184 B.C.E.

Paterfamilias

________: male family head, strictly patriarchal system.

Great Library

________: worlds greatest centers of trade, learning, and culture.

Byzantine Empire

________: the eastern half of the Empire after it split from the western half, headquartered in Constantinople.

Overreach

________: the state assumed too many responsibilities, spent too much money, or conquered too many territories.