Session 24: Germs to Worms Part III - Introduction to Other Infectious Agents

What is a key differentiating factor between prions and viruses?

a. None, the only difference is in clinical signs seen in the animal.

b. Prions contain more than one protein while viruses are a single protein.

c. Prions generate proteins, viruses do not.

d. Viruses contain genetic material, prions do not.

Viruses contain genetic material, prions do not

Parvovirus is a common cause of severe gastrointestinal disease primarily in young puppies.

Which characteristic of parvovirus explains why it can persist for up to seven months in the environment? Because it is a(n):

a. DNA virus

b. Enveloped virus

c. Non-enveloped virus

d. RNA virus

Non-enveloped virus

Which virulence factor is common to both bacteria and fungi?

a. Flagellum, which aids motility.

b. Membrane bound organelles.

c. Pili, which aids adhesion to host cells.

d. Protease, which is an enzyme that breaks down protein.

Protease, which is an enzyme that breaks down protein

Which step in viral replication is most easily recognized by the host immune system?

a. Attachment - virus attachment proteins bind to specific receptors on target cell membranes.

b. Growth - the virus grows new proteins and enlarges in size.

c. Replication - viral nucleic acid takes over cell machinery to create copies of proteins.

d. Spread - viral nucleic acid proteins are moved to locations within the cell.

Attachment - virus attachment proteins bind to specific receptors on target cell membranes

Which statement best describes dimorphic fungi?

a. Fungi that exist in a mold form in the environment and transform into a parasitic yeast phase in the body.

b. Fungi that exist in a parasitic yeast phase in the environment and transform into a saprophytic phase in the body.

c. Fungi that exist in a parasitic yeast phase in the environment and transform into desiccated cells in the body.

Fungi that exist in a mold form in the environment and transform into a parasitic yeast phase in the body

What is true about opportunistic fungal infections?

a. Dimorphic fungi are considered opportunistic pathogens.

b. Infection is most common when the host environment is compromised.

c. Opportunistic fungal infections are commonly contagious.

d. Opportunistic fungal infections occur due to mutations in the culprit pathogen.

Infection is most common when the host environment is compromised

A 6-month-old puppy has been vomiting excessively and has a palpable abdominal mass. An abdominal ultrasound is performed, the mass is aspirated, and cytology is consistent with pyogranulomatous inflammation. He is diagnosed with a granuloma (inflammatory mass) causing a partial small intestinal obstruction.

Which type of microorganism most likely caused the granuloma?

a. Bacteria

b. Fungus

c. Prion

d. Virus

Fungus

Feline infection peritonitis is caused by a mutated feline enteric coronavirus. Due to the category of virus, it is more likely to mutate and creating a vaccine is difficult. What class is feline enteric coronavirus?

a. FeCV is an enveloped, DNA virus.

b. FeCV is a non-enveloped, DNA virus.

c. FeCV is an enveloped, RNA virus.

d. FeCV is a non-enveloped, RNA virus.

FeCV is an enveloped, RNA virus

Which tissue type is typically affected in prion disease?

a. Muscle tissue

b. Skeletal and connective tissue

c. GI tract and associated lymph nodes

d. Nervous tissue

Nervous tissue

A client brings in her new 8-month-old kitten for sneezing, snotty nose, and weepy eyes. The kitten is diagnosed with feline herpes virus infection ("cat flu" in Australia). The client is concerned about her other cats at home.

What recommendations should be given to the client about the kitten's infection?

a. Eliminating viruses from the environment requires highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide or bleach.

b. Mutations in the virus are common, making vaccines completely ineffective.

c. There are many strains of the virus, so vaccines for feline herpes are useless.

d. The other cats could benefit from vaccination to help lessen any clinical signs from feline herpes infection.

The other cats could benefit from vaccination to help lessen any clinical signs from feline herpes infection