Chapter 12 and 14 lecture

Compare and contrast mode of action for the nervous and endocrine system?

The nervous system uses uses electrical signals that pass through nerves; the endocrine system uses chemical signals circulating through the blood.

Compare and contrast speed of action for the nervous and endocrine system?

The nervous system has a very fast onset of action; could take milliseconds. The endocrine system generally slow onset of action; could take days or weeks.

Compare and contrast duration of action for the nervous and endocrine system?

The nervous system’s variables are generally short-lived, the endocrine system’s variables are generally prolonged

Compare and contrast target organs for the nervous and endocrine system?

Both nervous and endocrine system target every organ and tissue in the body.

WHat is the nervous system composed of?

The brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia

Nervous system

The body’s primary communication and control system; provides rapid means of integrating and regulating body functions through electrical signals transmitted along neurons.

The nervous systems function of collecting information:

Uses receptors to monitor change (stimuli)

Receptors

Specialized nervous system structures that that monitor change in both the internal and external environment.

Stimuli

change

The nervous system’s function of processing and evaluating information:

After processing sensory information, the brain and spinal cord determine what response, if any, is required.

The nervous system’s function of initiating response to information

The brain and spinal cord initiate a response as motor information is relayed along neurons to structures called effectors.

Effectors

Include all three types of muscle tissues and glands, the effect could be a muscle contraction or a change in gland secretion activity.

Central Nervous System

The brain and spinal cord

Brain

protected and enclosed within the skull

Spinal Cord

Housed and protected in the vertebral canal

Peripheral Nervous System

Includes the nerves (bundles of axons of neurons) and ganglia

Ganglia

Clusters of neuron cell bodies located along nerves

Sensory Afferent Nervous System

Responsible for receiving sensory information from receptors and transmitting this information to CNS.

Sensory Input

information from receptors to the CNS

Motor Efferent Nervous System

Controls effectors initiating and transmitting motor information from the CNS to the effectors.

Motor Output

Information from the CNS to the effectors

Somatic Motor System

transmit motor output from CNS only to skeletal muscles; mostly voluntary

Autonomic Motor System

controls cardiac and smooth muscles and glands, involuntary

Parasympathetic Division

Division of the autonomic nervous system that promotes rest and digestion functions.

Sympathetic Division

Division of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for fight-or-flight responses.