deductive reasoning

What is a categorical syllogism?

A deductive argument with two premises and a conclusion, using categories.

What is a hypothetical syllogism?

A deductive argument that uses “if…then” statements.

What is a disjunctive syllogism?

A deductive argument with “either…or” and the denial of one option.

What is modus tollens?

A form of hypothetical syllogism that denies the consequent. Form: If P, then Q. Not Q. Therefore, not P.

What is modus ponens?

A form of hypothetical syllogism that affirms the antecedent. Form: If P, then Q. P. Therefore, Q.

How can you tell if a deductive argument is valid?

If the conclusion logically follows from the premises, regardless of whether the premises are true.

How can you tell if a deductive argument is sound?

It is both valid and all the premises are actually true.

What is the difference between deductive and inductive arguments?

Deductive: The conclusion follows with certainty if premises are true. Inductive: The conclusion is probable, based on evidence.

What are the antecedent and consequent in a conditional statement?

Antecedent (P): The “if” part. Consequent (Q): The “then” part.

What are the 3 main types of deductive syllogisms?

Categorical syllogism – uses categories Hypothetical syllogism – uses “if…then” Disjunctive syllogism – uses “either…or”