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ABA; Continuous Measurements used for data collection
What is ABA?
Applied behavior analysis is a systematic observation & intervention therapy that applies the scientific principles of behavior; to increase important social behavior and decrease behavior that may negatively affect a persons life.
What does “behavior” refer to in ABA?
Refers to any observable action of an individual, including both desirable behavior skills & undesirable behavior responses to the environment.
What is Positive Reinforcement in ABA?
A technique that involves providing rewards/praise (a desirable stimulus) to increase the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future.
Where does ABA therapy typically take place?
Most often a 1on1 session; inside client’s home, school, or clinical environments.
Why is ABA considered the gold standard for helping autistic children?
Because it is based on scientific principles (over 4 decades of research) and evidence based practice, w/ a focus on foundational everyday skills; customized to meet the individual needs of each learner & has been shown to improve social, communication, and learning skills.
What is prompting in ABA?
The process of helping/cueing a child so that they can display the desired new skill; used to encourage the desired behavior or response from a child - via modeling, gesturing, or physical assistance to help them learn & perform the skill independently.
What are socially significant behaviors?
Behaviors that will help an individual have a more meaningful & fulfilling life; functioning within society. They are typically behaviors that affect the individual’s quality of life & social interactions.
How can parents or professionals gradually increase the waiting duration for a child during waiting activities?
Start with a short waiting duration and as a child gets successful in waiting for the duration - then you can increase it gradually while continuing to provide praise/rewards for successful waiting; time can be incrementally extended by a few seconds/minutes depending on the child’s progression/comfort level (using a visual timer can help the child understand the passing time).
What is autism?
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by challenges with social skills, communication, and repetitive behaviors. It is part of a group of disorders known as autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
Which evidence based practice is commonly used as an intervention for children w/ autism?
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) because is involves systematically analyzing behaviors and applying interventions to improve desirable skills & reduce problematic behaviors; focuses on improving specific behaviors/skills through reinforcement & structured teaching.
What is continuous measurement?
A data collection method that measures the target behavior; involves recording every instance of a behavior during (observation) a specific period & provides detailed data for the Behavior Analyst & intervention plan - via real-time tracking of frequency, duration, or latency of the behavior. Tracks how often a behavior occurs over a certain amount of time.
What is tracking the behavior?
Measuring the behavior of interest; includes the antecedents (pre existing behavior) & the consequences of the behavior; Involves systematically observing & recording instances of a specific behavior over time to analyze patterns and inform interventions.
What are the different measure’s that can be used in continuous measurement?
Count, Frequency, Celeration, Duration, Latency, and IRT (inter-response time)
What is “count” in ABA?
The total # of occurrences of a target behavior recorded during a defined observation period; Usually marked via tally - serves as a basic measure of behavior frequency.
What is “frequency” in ABA?
The # of times a target behavior occurs within a specific observation period of time; a measure of how often the behavior is displayed. Marked via tally or count during that time frame. The Count # is divided by the observation time to calculate the frequency rate.
What is “duration” data?
It tracks how long a target behavior lasts, it calculates the onset of the behavior to the offset of the behavior; involves stopwatch to measure total time that behavior occurs during observation period. Helps assess the length of time the behavior is exhibited.
What is “latency” in ABA?
The time between the beginning of the discriminative stimulus (sd) to the beginning of the response; it is the time between the instruction given & the behavior response starting. It measures how quickly a behavior occurs after a specific prompt/cue/sd.
What is “IRT” in ABA?
Inter-response time is the lapse of time from the end of 1 response to the beginning of another; used to identify how much time passes between each occurrence of the clients behavior of interest. Involves stopwatch to measure the time between the 2 occurrences of behavior.
What is “celeration” in ABA?
A measure of change in rate over time; this rate of a response can accelerate or decelerate - identifies the speed at which the individual is learning.
What is the main purpose of data collection in ABA?
To track the progress of a clients behavior.
An RBT should prepare for data collection by doing what?
Gathering necessary materials including pen/paper (or tracking software; make sure its charged) & asking supervisor for data sheet templates as needed - prior to session.
Who is responsible for making treatment decisions in ABA?
The supervisor/Behavior Analyst
