Chapter 1 - Introduction

Hypothesis

________- A tentative explanation that has been tested.

Composition

________- What something is made of.

Structure

________- What something is made of and how the components are arranged.

Homogenous

________- components mix evenly.

Compounds

________- Composed of more than one element; bound in fixed ratios.

Heterogenous

________- component do not mix evenly.

Paradigm

________- A way of thinking about a topic.

Chemistry

________- The study of matter and its changes.

Mixtures

________ can be- separated into their components without changing the identity of the substance, unlike compounds.

Theory

________- Idea supported by experimental evidence, or a paradigm.

Exothermic change

________- Releases heat energy.

Elements

________ combine to form new substances- A chemical change.

Molecules

________- Groups of atoms that bind tightly together, and behave as a single unit.

Alloys

________- mixtures of metals.

Liquid

________- Definite volume, but no definite shape.

Endothermic change

________- Absorbs heat energy.

Physical properties

________- Can be measured without changing the identity of the substance.

Chemical properties

________- Can NOT be measured without changing the identity of the substances.

Pure substances

________- Composed of one element or one compound ONLY.

Scientific law

________- A statement that describes observations that are widely varying circumstances.

Matter

________- Anything that has mass and takes up volume.

Atom

________- The fundamental unit of matter.

Energy

________- the ability to do work.

Element

________- Made of only one type of atom.

Mixtures

________- contain more than one substance, not bound in a fixed ratio.

Chemistry

The study of matter and its changes

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up volume

Composition

What something is made of

Structure

What something is made of and how the components are arranged

Atom

The fundamental unit of matter

Element

Made of only one type of atom

Compounds

Composed of more than one element; bound in fixed ratios

Molecules

Groups of atoms that bind tightly together, and behave as a single unit

Diatomic molecules

an element bound to another of itself

Pure substances

Composed of one element or one compound ONLY

Mixtures

contain more than one substance, not bound in a fixed ratio

Alloys

mixtures of metals

Mixtures can be

separated into their components without changing the identity of the substance, unlike compounds

Matter

> Pure Substances vs. Mixtures

Pure Substances

> Elements (Gold) vs Compounds (Water)

Mixtures

> Homogenous (Air) vs. Heterogenous (Salt and Water)

Solid

Definite volume and shape

Liquid

Definite volume, but no definite shape

Gas

No definite anything

Physical properties

Can be measured without changing the identity of the substance

Physical changes

Dont change the identity of the substance

Chemical properties

Can NOT be measured without changing the identity of the substances

Chemical changes

Change the identity of the substances

Energy

the ability to do work

Potential energy

Stored energy

Kinetic energy

Energy of motion

Heat energy

Involved kinetic energy of the particles in a substance

High energy

brings changes

Stable

no reaction

Exothermic change

Releases heat energy

Endothermic change

Absorbs heat energy

Hypothesis

A tentative explanation that has been tested

Theory

Idea supported by experimental evidence, or a paradigm

Paradigm

A way of thinking about a topic

Scientific law

A statement that describes observations that are widely varying circumstances