Cardiopulmonary Practice W9 - Pulmonary Pathophysiology

Which of the following conditions or diseases is NOT considered to be a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

Kyphoscoliosis

3 multiple choice options

Bullae present in the lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) because of:

alveolar hyperinflation

3 multiple choice options

Penetrating wounds to the thorax are commonly caused by shooting or stabbing. An injury described as air entering the pleural space that cannot escape into the external environment is termed:

Penumothorax

3 multiple choice options

A free-floating segment of ribs that can be identified by its paradoxical movement is termed:

flail chest

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following spinal cord levels if injured would result in diaphragmatic dysfunction?

C4-5

3 multiple choice options

In patients with asthma, the pulmonary function tests usually result in a predicted FEV1/FVC ratio of ____:

< 80%

2 multiple choice options

Survivors of pediatric respiratory distress syndrome who have been ventilated mechanically and received high concentrations of oxygen over a prolonged period of time may develop which of the following pulmonary restrictive lung diseases?

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

3 multiple choice options

Which is a typical early clinical manifestation of cystic fibrosis (CF)?

decrease FEV, (forced expiratory volume in 1 sec) during pulmonary function testing.

3 multiple choice options

A 50-year-old man has a persistent cough, purulent sputum, abnormal dilation of bronchi, hemoptysis, and reduced FEV1/FVC. What is the most likely pulmonary dysfunction?

Bronchiectasis

3 multiple choice options

Cor pulmonale, a complication of COPD, is defined as:

Right Ventricle Failure secondary to chronic Pulmonary HTN

3 multiple choice options

The MOST likely impairment associated with COPD is

expiratory flow

3 multiple choice options

The most likely impairment observed with restrictive lung condition is

lung or chest wall expansion

3 multiple choice options

In patients with moderate COPD, the pulmonary function tests usually result in a:

increased residual volume

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following respiratory pathologies is most likely to present with a barrel-chested appearance?

COPD

3 multiple choice options

An elderly patient presents with severe COPD, GOLD stage 4. Which of the following physical examination findings would the therapist expect to find?

barreled chest with a decreased thoracic excursion

3 multiple choice options

A physical therapist is providing home-based physical therapy services to a 58 year old man . He appears overweight and has a productive cough. He tells you that he is always admitted to the hospital at this time of year. A likely pathology is:

chronic bronchitis

3 multiple choice options

The common s/s associated with cystic fibrosis include

increase in cough and sputum production

3 multiple choice options

Cystic Fibrosis may be associated with the following complications

all of the above

3 multiple choice options

Common s/s associated with bacterial pneumonia include

sharp pleuritic chest pain

3 multiple choice options

A patient with a recent history of rib fractures suddenly becomes short of breath during a bout of coughing. The patient looks panicked and complains of sharp pain in the left chest. A quick screen shows a deviated trachea to the right, among other signs

pneumothorax

3 multiple choice options

Respiratory distress syndrome is caused in infants by abnormalities in

surfactant

3 multiple choice options

Musculoskeletal cause of restrictive lung conditions characterized by sternal depression and decreased anteroposterior diameter:

pectus excavatum

2 multiple choice options

Phrenic nerve injury can leads to paralysis or paresis of _____ leading to alveolar _____

diaphragm; hypoventilation

3 multiple choice options

A 61-year-old male referred to physical therapy complains of an excessive cough, sputum production, and shortness of breath. The patient indicates that he has been bothered by some combination of these s/s for over 10 years. The patient's patho is likely

chronic bronchitis

3 multiple choice options

COPD is a _____ disease

obstructive

1 multiple choice option

COPD causes the diaphragm to _____

flatten/weaken

3 multiple choice options

T/F: in COPD you would expect to see depression of the shoulder girdle

false

1 multiple choice option

in patients with COPD you would expect to see _____

increased A-P thorax diameter

3 multiple choice options

patients with COPD have _____ total lung capacity (TLC)

increased

1 multiple choice option

T/F: in COPD you would expect the FEV1/FVC to decrease below .75

true

1 multiple choice option

in COPD you would expect what with costophrenic angle/breath sounds/distance between ribs?

increase/decrease/increase

3 multiple choice options

the gold standard for diagnosing COPD is:

spirometry

3 multiple choice options

your COPD patient has recently experienced weight loss and received a dx of cor pulmonale. which GOLD stage is he in?

GOLD stage 4

3 multiple choice options

T/F: adverse effects of COPD on other body systems typically causes death

true

1 multiple choice option

the most common cause of COPD is:

cigarette smoking

3 multiple choice options

T/F: FEV1 does not decline in non-smokers with age

false

1 multiple choice option

T/F: emphysema results in destruction of alveolar walls, fusion of alveoli into large sacs, and hyperinflation

true

1 multiple choice option

T/F: rupture of bullae can cause a pneumothorax

true

1 multiple choice option

chronic bronchitis is defined as the presence of a chronic productive cough for at least ___ months in ___ successive years

3; 2

3 multiple choice options

hypertrophy of submucosal glands is a hallmark of which obstructive disease?

chronic bronchitis

3 multiple choice options

in chronic bronchitis you would expect to hear _____ breath sounds

increased

1 multiple choice option

right sided heart failure is typically due to:

a pulmonary condition

1 multiple choice option

hemoptysis is a feature of which condition?

bronchiecstasis

3 multiple choice options

smooth muscle constriction is a feature of which condition?

asthma

3 multiple choice options

T/F: peak expiratory flow rate is a key indicator of whether asthma is present or not

true

1 multiple choice option

T/F: Cystic Fibrosis can have both obstructive and restrictive features

true

1 multiple choice option

T/F: a restrictive lung disease can be caused by hydrothorax, pneumothorax, or a tumor

true

1 multiple choice option

T/F: pneumonia is an infection of the upper respiratory tract

false

1 multiple choice option

your pt has a dry cough, SOB, chest pain, and there are bilateral widespread opacities on a chest x-ray. which is most likely?

viral pneumonia

1 multiple choice option

T/F: pulmonary edema presents bilaterally

true

1 multiple choice option

a pulmonary embolism is typically caused by:

a DVT traveling to the lungs

3 multiple choice options

T/F: acute onset of dyspnea in patients with DVT is a hallmark sign of PE

true

1 multiple choice option

which is a neuromuscular cause of restrictive lung disease?

all of these

3 multiple choice options

the condition in which the thoracic cage or a part of it moves inward on inspiration and outward on expiration is:

paradoxical breathing

3 multiple choice options