CHE110_Chapter_16_PowerPoint

Carbonyl Group

A functional group consisting of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom.

Aldehyde

A compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) where one of the carbon's substituents is a hydrogen atom.

Ketone

A compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) where the carbon is attached to two alkyl groups.

IUPAC Naming

The systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

Formaldehyde

The simplest aldehyde, used in the synthesis of resins and as a preservative in a 37% aqueous solution called formalin.

Acetone

The simplest ketone, used as an industrial solvent and starting material for organic polymers (chemical formula: C3H6O).

Common Names

Names for aldehydes and ketones that often do not follow the standard IUPAC naming rules.

Acetal

A compound formed from an alcohol and an aldehyde or ketone, characterized by a central carbon atom bonded to two -OR groups.

Hemiacetal

A compound formed from an alcohol and an aldehyde or ketone, characterized by a central carbon atom bonded to one -OH group and one -OR group.

Physical Properties

Characteristics such as boiling point and ability to associate with other molecules based on the functional groups present.