Ancient Rome

Etruscans

Most influential of Roman civilizations, settled in modern-day Tuscany.

Etruscan Religion

Held similar beliefs to the Greeks, believing gods interfered with human lives and evil spirits affected daily life.

Etruscan Women

Had more autonomy compared to women in other ancient civilizations.

Etruscan Military

Utilized advanced weaponry and expanded their territory.

Etruscan Legacy

Known for their antiquity, metalworking, and trading power.

Early Roman Government

Initially a monarchy with a governing body that included the Senate and the Curiate Assembly

Imperium

The right to issue and enforce laws and commands in early Roman governance.

Roman Senate

Made up of 300 members, played a significant role in governance alongside the king.

Curiate Assembly

Comprised of 30 groups of citizens, met only upon the king’s summoning.

The Republic

Established after the monarchy, allowing citizens more influence in governance.

Consuls

Elected officials with powers similar to kings, serving for only one year in the Republic.

Punic War

A 20-year conflict that began in Sicily, leading to Rome's victory over Carthage due to a naval victory

Hannibal

Carthaginian general known for his use of war elephants and invasion of Rome's countryside.

Battle of Cannae

A significant battle during the Second Punic War where Hannibal defeated a larger Roman army. Maximus (elected as a dictator) led an army of 80,000 soldiers, Hannibal’s overwhelming strength crushed them.

Scipio

Roman general who reformed the army and ultimately defeated Hannibal.

Gladiators

Enslaved individuals who fought in arenas for public entertainment.

Julius Caesar

A skilled politician who rose to power, became dictator for life, and was assassinated.
changed the calendar, killed Pompey, appointed himself dictator for life

First Triumphant

Political alliance between Julius Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey.

Caesar's Senate

Packed with over 900 supporters, leading to political turmoil after his assassination.

Roman Empire

Experienced growth under emperors after Octavian, with governance challenges due to its size. ruled under 2/3 dictators b/c of its size

Mark Antony

Octavian and Mark Atony were both trying for the throne after the death of Caesar
advisor to Caesar and was given Egypt by him
said he would reestablish the senate, ensure empirical powers, and continue to build rome
Octavian sends his loyalists to Egypt where they chase Antony and Cleopatra who then commit suicide to avoid being captured

Octavian

Also known as Augustus, he emerged as the leader of Rome after defeating Mark Antony.

Tacitus

Historian who focused on Roman emperors and the expansion of the empire, using secondary sources.

Christianity in Rome

The story of Jesus occurred in Rome, and Christians faced persecution for not worshipping the emperor.