The psychology of innovation

Innovation

[n] /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/ - improvement, advance, modernization… Ví dụ trong bài: "Innovation is key to business survival."

Survival

[n] /səˈvaɪ.vəl/ - continued existence. Ví dụ trong bài: "Innovation is key to business survival."

Substantial

[adj] /səbˈstæn.ʃəl/ (B2/C1 - Đáng kể, lớn) - considerable, significant… Ví dụ trong bài: "…companies put substantial resources into inspiring employees to develop new ideas."

Inspire

[v] /ɪnˈspaɪər/ - motivate, encourage… Ví dụ trong bài: "…companies put substantial resources into inspiring employees…"

Stimulate

[v] /ˈstɪm.jə.leɪt/ (B2 - Kích thích, thúc đẩy) - inspire, motivate, encourage… Ví dụ trong bài: "…designed to stimulate innovation…"

Circumstance

[n] /ˈsɜː.kəm.stæns/ (B2 - Hoàn cảnh, điều kiện) - situation, condition… Ví dụ trong bài: "…almost every individual can be creative in the right circumstances."

Quartet

[n] /kwɔːˈtet/ (C1 - Nhóm 4 người/bộ tư) - four singers or musicians who sing or play together. Ví dụ trong bài: "Sun's 'million-dollar quartet' could have been a quintet."

Quintet

[n] /kwɪnˈtet/ (C1 - Nhóm 5 người/bộ ngũ) - five singers or musicians who perform together. Ví dụ trong bài: "Sun's 'million-dollar quartet' could have been a quintet."

Revolutionise

[v] /ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən.aɪz/ (B2/C1 - Cách mạng hóa) - transform, develop, modernize, change… Ví dụ trong bài: "…wanted to revolutionise popular music with songs…"

Fuse

[v] /fjuːz/ (C1 - Trộn lẫn, hòa hợp) - combine, blend… Ví dụ trong bài: "…with songs that fused black and white music, and country and blues."

Ambition

[n] /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/ - aim, goal, objective… Ví dụ trong bài: "Presley, Cash, Perkins and Lewis instinctively understood Phillips's ambition…"

Hard-wired

[adj] /ˌhɑːdˈwaɪəd/ (C1 - Mặc định, bẩm sinh) - if an attitude, way of behaving etc is hard-wired, it is a natural part of a person's character that they are born with and cannot change. Ví dụ trong bài: "'When things change, we are hard-wired to play it safe.'"

Adopt

[v] /əˈdɒpt/ (B2 - Áp dụng, đón nhận) - embrace, take on, accept, approve… Ví dụ trong bài: "Managers should therefore adopt an approach that appears counterintuitive…"

Seize

[v] /siːz/ (B2/C1 - Nắm bắt cơ hội) - take advantage of, grab, take… Ví dụ trong bài: "…if the company fails to seize a particular opportunity."

Gamble

[n/v] /ˈɡæm.bəl/ (B2 - Cuộc mạo hiểm) - risk. Ví dụ trong bài: "Studies show that we invariably take more gambles when threatened with a loss…"

Threatened

[adj] /ˈθret.ənd/ - in danger, in jeopardy… Ví dụ trong bài: "…take more gambles when threatened with a loss than when offered a reward."

Delicate

[adj] /ˈdel.ɪ.kət/ (B2 - Tế nhị, đòi hỏi sự khéo léo) - needing to be dealt with carefully or sensitively in order to avoid problems or failure. Ví dụ trong bài: "Managing innovation is a delicate art."

Conflicting

[adj] /kənˈflɪk.tɪŋ/ (B2 - Mâu thuẫn) - contradictory, disagreeing, differing… Ví dụ trong bài: "It's easy for a company to be pulled in conflicting directions…"

Collaborative

[adj] /kəˈlæb.ər.ə.tɪv/ (C1 - Mang tính cộng tác) - mutual, shared… Ví dụ trong bài: "…ensures collaborative exchanges within the company…"

Brief

[v] /briːf/ (B2 - Phổ biến thông tin, tóm tắt) - inform, tell… Ví dụ trong bài: "You can't brief people just by saying, 'We're going in this direction…'"

Syndrome

[n] /ˈsɪn.drəʊm/ (C1 - Hội chứng) - a set of qualities, events, or types of behaviour that is typical of a particular kind of problem. Ví dụ trong bài: "Cialdini believes that this 'follow-the-leader syndrome' is dangerous…"

Cite

[v] /saɪt/ (B2/C1 - Trích dẫn) - refer to, mention… Ví dụ trong bài: "To prove his point, Cialdini cites an interview with molecular biologist James Watson…"

Organism

[n] /ˈɔː.ɡən.ɪ.zəm/ (B2 - Sinh vật) - an animal, plant, human, or any other living thing. Ví dụ trong bài: "…the genetic information carrier of all living organisms."

Crack

[v] /kræk/ (B2 - Giải mã, giải quyết) - solve, work out, figure out… Ví dụ trong bài: "When asked how they had cracked the code ahead of an array of highly accomplished rival investigators…"

Accomplished

[adj] /əˈkʌm.plɪʃt/ (B2/C1 - Tài năng, có thành tựu) - talented, gifted, skilful, expert… Ví dụ trong bài: "…ahead of an array of highly accomplished rival investigators…"

Rival

[n] /ˈraɪ.vəl/ (B2 - Đối thủ) - opponent, competitor… Ví dụ trong bài: "…ahead of an array of highly accomplished rival investigators…"

Pursue

[v] /pəˈsjuː/ (B2 - Theo đuổi) - chase, follow, hunt. Ví dụ trong bài: "The smartest scientist pursuing the answer…"

Pervasive

[adj] /pəˈveɪ.sɪv/ (C2 - Lan tỏa, có mặt ở khắp nơi) - existing everywhere. Ví dụ trong bài: "'The principle of social proof is so pervasive that we don't even recognise it…'"

Resist

[v] /rɪˈzɪst/ (B2 - Kháng cự, chống lại) - oppose, refuse to accept, deny… Ví dụ trong bài: "'If your project is being resisted, for example, by a group of veteran employees…'"

Veteran

[adj/n] /ˈvet.ər.ən/ (B2/C1 - Kỳ cựu, giàu kinh nghiệm) - experienced, expert… Ví dụ trong bài: "…resisted, for example, by a group of veteran employees…"

Advocate

[v] /ˈæd.və.keɪt/ (B2/C1 - Ủng hộ) - support, encourage, promote, be in favor of… Ví dụ trong bài: "Cialdini is not alone in advocating this strategy."

Peer

[n] /pɪər/ (B2 - Người cùng trang lứa, đồng nghiệp) - colleague, friend… Ví dụ trong bài: "Research shows that peer power, used horizontally not vertically, is much more powerful…"

Engagement

[n] /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ.mənt/ (B2/C1 - Sự gắn kết, tham gia) - meeting, appointment… Ví dụ trong bài: "…writing deepens every individual's engagement in the project."

Inhibit

[v] /ɪnˈhɪb.ɪt/ (C1 - Cản trở, hạn chế) - stop, prevent… Ví dụ trong bài: "Authority doesn't have to inhibit innovation but it often does."

Regrettable

[adj] /rɪˈɡret.ə.bəl/ (C1 - Đáng tiếc) - undesirable, unwelcome, unfortunate… Ví dụ trong bài: "…lead to what Cialdini calls 'captainitis', the regrettable tendency of team members…"

Tendency

[n] /ˈten.dən.si/ (B2 - Khuynh hướng) - trend. Ví dụ trong bài: "…the regrettable tendency of team members to opt out of team responsibilities…"

Opt

[v] /ɒpt/ (C1 - Lựa chọn) - choose, decide on, select… Ví dụ trong bài: "…tendency of team members to opt out of team responsibilities…"

Overbearing

[adj] /ˌəʊ.vəˈbeə.rɪŋ/ (C2 - Hống hách, độc đoán) - domineering = always trying to control other people without considering their wishes or feelings. Ví dụ trong bài: "…happen in any workplace where the leader is overbearing."

Interchange

[n] /ˈɪn.tə.tʃeɪndʒ/ (C1 - Sự trao đổi qua lại) - exchange, swap… Ví dụ trong bài: "This environment encouraged a free interchange of ideas…"

Ideal

[adj] /aɪˈdɪəl/ - perfect, best… Ví dụ trong bài: "Many theorists believe the ideal boss should lead from behind…"

Take pride in

[vp] /teɪk praɪd ɪn/ (B2 - Tự hào về) - to do something very carefully and well, in a way that gives you a lot of satisfaction. Ví dụ trong bài: "…taking pride in collective accomplishment…"

Accomplishment

[n] /əˈkʌm.plɪʃ.mənt/ (B2/C1 - Thành tựu) - achievement, success… Ví dụ trong bài: "…taking pride in collective accomplishment…"

Simultaneously

[adv] /ˌsɪm.əlˈteɪ.ni.əs.li/ (B2/C1 - Đồng thời) - at the same time, at once… Ví dụ trong bài: "…encourage everyone to contribute and simultaneously assure all concerned…"

Assure

[v] /əˈʃɔːr/ (B2 - Cam đoan, đảm bảo) - ensure, make certain, guarantee… Ví dụ trong bài: "…simultaneously assure all concerned that every recommendation is important…"

Frustrating

[adj] /frʌsˈtreɪ.tɪŋ/ - annoying. Ví dụ trong bài: "The frustrating thing about innovation is that there are many approaches…"

Formula

[n] /ˈfɔː.mjə.lə/ - rule, principle… Ví dụ trong bài: "…there are many approaches, but no magic formula."

Anthropological

[adj] /ˌæn.θrə.pəˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/ (C1/C2 - Thuộc nhân học) - the scientific study of people, their societies, cultures etc. Ví dụ trong bài: "A Alan Macfarlane, professor of anthropological science at King's College…"

Wrestle with something

[vp] /ˈres.əl wɪð ˈsʌm.θɪŋ/ (C1 - Trăn trở, vật lộn giải quyết) - to try to understand or find a solution to a difficult problem. Ví dụ trong bài: "…spent decades wrestling with the enigma of the Industrial Revolution."

Enigma

[n] /ɪˈnɪɡ.mə/ (C2 - Điều bí ẩn) - mystery, puzzle… Ví dụ trong bài: "…spent decades wrestling with the enigma of the Industrial Revolution."

Puzzle

[n] /ˈpʌz.əl/ - mystery, enigma… Ví dụ trong bài: "Macfarlane compares the puzzle to a combination lock."

Take off

[vp] /teɪk ɒf/ (B2 - Khởi sắc, cất cánh) - start out, begin… Ví dụ trong bài: "For industry to take off, there needs to be the technology…"

Drive

[v] /draɪv/ - run. Ví dụ trong bài: "…and power to drive factories…"

Urban

[adj] /ˈɜː.bən/ - city, town, metropolitan… Ví dụ trong bài: "…large urban populations to provide cheap labour…"

Criterion

[n] /kraɪˈtɪə.ri.ən/ (B2/C1 - Tiêu chuẩn) - standard, principle… Ví dụ trong bài: "Criterion = standard, principle…"

Sufficient

[adj] /səˈfɪʃ.ənt/ (B2 - Đầy đủ) - adequate, enough… Ví dụ trong bài: "Sufficient = adequate, enough…"

Coal

[n] /kəʊl/ - a hard black mineral which is dug out of the ground and burnt to produce heat. Ví dụ trong bài: "Coal = a hard black mineral which is dug out of the ground…"