100 cụm từ thông dụng trong ielts reading

financial assistance

monetary support

drastic reduction

plummeted sharply

adverse effects

detrimental impacts

prohibitively expensive

exorbitant costs

inevitable outcome

unavoidable result

allocate resources

distribute assets

have a tendency to

be inclined to

hardly any evidence

scarcity of proof

solve / address

tackle / deal with / resolve

dangerous / risky

hazardous / perilous

damage / destroy

detriment / devastate / impair

increase / rise

escalate / soar / surge / grow

decrease / drop

plummet / decline / diminish

benefit / advantage

merit / asset / positive aspect

drawback / disadvantage

demerit / shortcoming / flaw

limit / restrict

constrain / curb / impede

main / primary

principal / chief / dominant

important / essential

crucial / vital / imperative

change / alter

modify / shift / transform

famous / well-known

renowned / celebrated

substitute / replace

swap / exchange / alternate

financial / economic

monetary / fiscal

surprising / unexpected

unforeseen / astonishing

synthetic / artificial

man-made / fabricated

old / ancient

archaic / antique / primitive

build / construct

erect / assemble / fabricate

show / demonstrate

indicate / reveal / manifest

have a tendency to

be inclined to / be prone to

hardly any / lack of

scarcity / dearth / insufficient

predict / forecast

anticipate / project / foresee

prohibit / forbid

ban / outlaw / restrict

coincide with

simultaneous / concurrent

misleading / deceptive

fallacious / illusory

misconception

myth / false belief / fallacy

encourage / foster

stimulate / promote / cultivate

deteriorate

worsen / degenerate / decline

abandon / discard

relinquish / shed / phase out

unravel / decipher

disentangle / decode / solve

flourish / thrive

prosper / boom / blossom

scarce / rare

infrequent / sparse / uncommon

exclusively / solely

entirely / pure / uniquely

vulnerable to

susceptible to / prone to

inexpensive

economical / budget-friendly

reluctant / unwilling

hesitant / loath

pioneer / innovator

trailblazer / forerunner

resemble / mirror

bear a similarity to / echo

inevitable

unavoidable / inescapable

cooperation / team

collaboration / alliance

obsolete / out of date

outmoded / superseded / defunct

cognitive / mental

intellectual / psychological

sustain / maintain

preserve / uphold / perpetuate

skeptical / doubtful

cynical / dubious / suspicious

trigger / cause

precipitate / induce / provoke

allocate / assign

earmark / designate / allot

ambiguous / unclear

equivocal / vague / obscure

bias / prejudice

partiality / Subjectivity

empirical / practical

observational / experimental

consensus / agreement

unanimity / concurrence

plausible / believable

credible / convincing / feasible

synthetic / imitation

artificial / mock / simulated

dwindle / shrink

contract / recede / diminish

mandatory / compulsory

obligatory / binding / requisite

spontaneous / unplanned

impromptu / instinctive

pervasive / widespread

ubiquitous / omnipresent

pessimistic

gloomy / bleak / despondent

optimistic

sanguine / promising / rosy

negligible / insignificant

trivial / marginal / minor

unravel / solve

disentangle / elucidate

nocturnal

active at night / night-time

native to / local

indigenous / endemic

habitat / living space

natural surroundings / territory

extinction / disappearance

die out / eradication / annihilation

reproduce / breed

propagate / multiply / spawn

predator / hunter

natural enemy / carnivore

prey / victim

quarry / target

migration / movement

seasonal travel / relocation

harsh environment

hospitable conditions / extreme climate

conservation / protection

preservation / safeguarding

camouflage / disguise

blend into surroundings / conceal

forage / search for food

scavenge / hunt for sustenance

threaten / endanger

imperil / jeopardize / pose a risk to

prolific / abundant

fruitful / bountiful / teeming with

domesticated

tamed / bred in captivity

thrive / flourish

prosper / boom in numbers

hibernate / sleep through winter

dormancy / inactive period

vegetation / plant life

flora / greenery / foliage

evolution / development

adaptation / gradual change

cohabit / live together

coexist / share space

attain / achieve

accomplish / acquire / fulfill

curriculum / course

syllabus / educational program

initiative / plan

scheme / strategy / proposal

implement / carry out

execute / put into practice / enforce

obligation / duty

responsibility / commitment

aptitude / ability

flair / talent / capability

evaluate / assess

gauge / appraise / judge

incentive / motivation

stimulus / inducement / reward

regulate / control

govern / supervise / oversee

hierarchy / ranking

pecking order / social ladder

poverty / hardship

deprivation / indigence / penury

affluent / wealthy

prosperous / well-off