Bryophytes

The significance of bryophytes as the first land plants

Structure of a moss

Dominant life stage

Presence or absence of true leaves, stems, and roots

Sporophytes produce what?

How does it reproduce? How do sperms reach to the eggs?

Define archegonia and antheridia (also, identify from the images)

3 groups of bryophytes; hornworts, liverworts, and moss

Based on your observation, which life stage is more dominant in bryophytes?

Gametophyte

Which life stage is physically dependent on which?

Sporophyte is dependent on gametophyte

What is the female gametophyte called?

Archegonia

After fertilization, the embryo is going to grow as what?

Sporophyte

Are sporophytes physically dependent on gametophytes or not?

Yes

What is the function of the foot, seta, and calyptra on a sporophyte?

Foot- connects to gametophyte for nutrient transport

Seta- raises sporangium for spore dispersal

Calyptra- protects developing sporangium

What is the function of elaters

Disperse spores

What is a spore

Capsule or sporangium of sporophyte

Is a spore haploid or diploid

Haploid

After a spore is released from a sporophyte, it becomes what?

Mature gametophyte

What does the spermatogenous tissue contain

Sperm

How are the flagellated sperms able to reach the eggs?

Swim through water held in archegonia

Paraphyses are long filaments surrounding the sterile jacket. What is their function?

Provide structural support and aid in spore dispersal by guiding airflow

At what location does the sperm enter the egg?

At the neck of the sporangium

Female gametangia are called what?

Archegonia

Is the embryo physically dependent on the female gametophyte or not?

Yes

The minim stem is characterized as a non vascular plant. How is water movement enabled?

Through capillary action and diffusion within their structures

What does the parenchyma tissue store?

Water, nutrients, starch

Multiple layers of stereids are located under the epidermis. What is their function?

Provide structural support and help maintain the shape and integrity of plant body

The shape of protonema is very similar to that of green algae what does this suggest?

A potential evolutionary relationship or shared ancestry between both groups of organisms

What does the protema grow into?

Gametophyte stage of moss life cycle.

When is it favorable to release spores? Dry or wet weather!

During wet weather because moisture adds in their dispersal

What are rhizoids? What is their function? Are they true roots?

Root like structures in non-vascular plants, anchor them and help absorb water and nutrients not true roots

The sporangium you labeled contains what

Capsule and seta

Is the spore haploid or diploid

Haploid

What life cycle dominates in the alteration of generations in bryophytes

Gametophytes