2 Energy and the environment

Oil floats

________ on the surface of the water and blocks the sunlight from entering.

Detergent sprays

________ help break down the oil slick into smaller droplets that eventually degrade and disperse.

Double glazing

________: using two panes of glass with a gap in the middle to act as an insulator.

Brakes

________ slow down or stop the rotor in very windy conditions, preventing damage to the blade.

Carbon dioxide emission

________ is polluting to the atmosphere Biofuels- Renewable.

Anaerobic digestion

________: breaking down organic waste (e.g., food and vegetation) using bacteria in a sealed container to release methane, which can be used for heating purposes.

Gearbox

________ maximises the rotation of the shaft.

Organisms

________ in shallow water and rock pools may die due to toxic effects of the oil.

Skimmers

________ removes oil from seawater surface which is then scrapped of into a container CONTENT OUTLINE 2 Energy and the environment 2.1 Fossil fuel formation.

Peat

________ is pressurized between sediments with high pressure and temperature to form coal.

Oil

________ floating on the surface prevents gas exchange.

turbine

As the ________ rotates, the generator produces electricity.

Coal

________ is easy to store.

Tidal movements

________ are not weather- dependent.

Steam

________ moves the turbine which turns the generator to generate electricity.

shale rock

Fracking: obtaining oil or gas from ________ by splitting them open using water, sand and chemicals.

Cold water

________ is pumped underground into layer of hot rocks.

Generation of electricity

________ is weather- dependent.

tidal barrage

When the levels drop water is held back by a(n) ________ which is a small dam that releases water back through a turbine that turns the generator to generate electricity.

cells

Uses photovoltaic ________ that produce a small electric charge when exposed to light.

CO2

________ released when burnt so contributes to global warming.

Wind turbines

________ have shafts (blades) that rotate due to wind.

Turbine

________ activates the generator that generates electricity.

Coal

________ is the cheapest source of fossil fuel.

Nuclear power

Nonrenewable

Fossil Fuels

Non renewable

Carbon dioxide emission is polluting to the atmosphere Biofuels

Renewable

Geothermal power

Renewable

Wind Power

Renewable

Hydroelectric power

Renewable Advantages Disadvantages Renewable Growing more plants takes more CO2 Provide more job opportunity Dams might relocate local people Expensive to install Dams effect natural flow of water How solar power produces electricity

If economic conditions are good

Higher employment; More money to spend on luxury items; Increase in demand for the product; Increase in demand for energy (for production)

If economic conditions are poor

Families have less money to spend on luxury items; Need to make savings; Reduce the use of fuel; Reduce the purchase and use of electrical items; Decrease in the demand for energy

Reduction in the economy of China meant a worldwide

Reduction in production of steel

Loft insulation

adding insulation layer into the roof space

Underfloor insulation

adding insulation layer on the floor (e.g., carpet)

Cavity wall insulation

filling the gap between inside and outside walls with insulating material to slow down heat transfer

Double glazing

using two panes of glass with a gap in the middle to act as an insulator

Anaerobic digestion

breaking down organic waste (e.g., food and vegetation) using bacteria in a sealed container to release methane, which can be used for heating purposes

Stricter building regulations

new constructions must be more energy efficient

Fracking

obtaining oil or gas from shale rock by splitting them open using water, sand and chemicals

Offshore oil extraction

leakage from the rigs

Oil pipelines

leaks in the oil pipework

Shipping

risk of collision or damage to oil tankers