DIRECT FECAL SMEAR (DFS)

Lugol’s iodine, Saline solution

Reagents used for Direct Fecal Smear

2-5 grams (pea/mongo seed)

size of FORMED stool sample for DFS

5-6 tablespoons

amount of WATERY stool sample for DFS

Clean bedpan

For diarrheic specimens, it may be collected using ______

Invert diaper or line it with plastic wrap

For newborn/infant, what to do prior collection of stool specimen?

1 hour of passage

Fresh formed stool specimen must be processed within?

30 minutes

For liquid stool specimen, it must be processed within?

Cysts

what stage is seen in formed stool?

Trophozoites

what stage is seen in watery/liquid stool?

Antidiarrheal compound

Antacids

Bismuth

Barium

Antimalarial agent

Do not collect stool sample within 1 week after ingestion of:

1 week

How long must you not collect stool sample if you ingest Antacids, Bismuth, Barium, and more antidiarrheal compounds?

FALSE

TRUE or FALSE.

You can incubate your stool.

Room temperature / Refrigerated

Specimens that cannot be processed immediately should be left at ________ or ________

Color and Consistency

What must be checked in stool specimen for macroscopic examination?

Type 1

• In Bristol stool chart, it is separate hard lumps, like nuts

• Hard to pass

Type 2

In bristol stool chart, it is sausage-shaped but lumpy

Type 3

In bristol stool chart, it is like a sausage but with cracks on its surface

Type 4

• In Bristol stool chart, the stool is like a sausage or snake

• Smooth and Soft

Type 5

• In Bristol stool chart, soft blobs with clear-cut edges

• Passed easily

Type 6

• Fluffy pieces with ragged edges

• Mushy stool

Type 7

• In Bristol stool chart, Watery, no solid pieces

• Entirely Liquid

3:1

Ideal ratio of FIXATIVE to STOOL:

Motile trophozoites

cysts

helminth larvae

DFS is useful when fresh specimens, especially liquid stools or duodenal aspirates, are examined for:

0.85% saline

Concentration of saline used for DFS

Low power objective lens

Examination of the entire coverslip is performed systematically under what objective lens?

10 fields

DFS scans how many fields?

1:5

ratio dilution of Lugol’s iodine

Iodine

It is helpful in enhancing the visibility of nuclear structures in protozoal cysts and in detecting glycogen inclusions

10% formalin

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)

If kits are not available, the specimen should be divided and stored in two different preservatives, what are those alternative preservatives used?

1:1

ratio for petroleum jelly and paraffin, used to keep organisms from moving when using the OIO and prevents the drying of the slide

Buffered Nair’s Methylene Blue (BMB)

If protozoan trophozoites is seen, what stain should be put to penetrate the trophozoites

7-10 days

How many days/week need for clearance of effect when you consumed antacids, kaolin, mineral oil, antidiarrheal preps, barium or bismuths

2-3 weeks

How many days/week need for clearance of effect for antimicrobial agents

3 weeks

How many days/week need for clearance of effect for gallbladder dyes

3 specimens

If negative on the first examination, how many specimens is it possible to collect with an interval of 2-3 days should be examined?

2-3 days

Specimen collection may need to repeated is negative, if possible, three specimens passed at intervals of how many days should be examined?

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE.

Formed stool specimens can be kept up to 24 hours.

30 minutes

Waiting time before microscopic examination