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common HR motifs
pride in culture, heritage, identity
rejection of racism, stereotypes
AA kinship
revolutionary, controversial
biggest negative of the HR
still too interested in white approval
why HR ended
great depression
america’s predicted future in “america”
the future will be dark / collapse if things don’t change
contradictory nature of “america”
even though it is bad to him, he does not hate america at all
intended audience of “if we must die”
african americans
type of death desired in “if we must die”
a valiant death where he fights back and does good for his people and the oppression they face
tone shift in “weary blues”
he starts out very sad but ends up more content as he let his emotions out
harlem’s place in world in “harlem”
they were wronged and now they’re on the outside watching the world but not forgetting what was done to them
mood in 1930s harlemn
ignored, waiting, vengeful
folklorist, political activist, and anthropologist
barnard college
inspired writers like alice walker
zora neale hurston
most successful HR writer
raised by grandma
traveled africa + europe
lived in Paris as expatriate
wrote the weary blues
never married
died of cancer
compared to shakespeare (bard)
vachel lindsay “discovered” him
AA culture + oral tradition
jazz rhythms
influenced by sandburg and whitman
langston hughes
black keats (compared to famous poet)
origin myterious
mom died, grandma died, adopted
married WEB DuBois’s daughter
sought to trascend race
“color” earned his awards and reputation
translated greek tragedy, medea
countee cullen
most controversial
abandoned by parents, uncle murdered
joined WIPA Federal Writer’s Project
married twice
wrote for communist party
expatriate in Paris
wrote native son
FBI surveilled him for years
richard wright
notes on “my city”
says how much he loves his city of Manhattan even saying he loves it more than trees, flowers, and birds because he loves being a part of it and it’s so beautiful.
notes on “the negro speaks of rivers”
talks for all african americans from different times and places and how the rivers are essential to them and their souls
the poem argues that people of African descent have not simply been present for all of human history, they have been a guiding force shaping civilization.
the "blood" serves as a symbol or synecdoche for human beings themselves.
Sure, they are real rivers, but they also stand in metonymically for the cultures that have risen and fallen on their banks. More broadly, the rivers themselves come to serve as symbols for human history.
notes on “a black man speaks of reaping”
The phrase explains that, you get out of a situation what you put in. The speaker feels that, because he is of African American descent, what he has sown, will not be returned to him in an equal volume, in part because of racial prejudice.
Extended Metaphor. The author is comparing planting and reaping to his own experiences as an African American
notes on “from When the Negro was in Vogue”
first hand account on what it was like to be in harlem when white people came, how nobody wanted them there but they were there, how black people then got to do crazy things and live crazy lives and crazy things were happening all around and they were writing and being written about and were in vogue magazine
define red summer
anti-AA riots in north
define great migration
african americans move from rural south to urban north
define free vs blank verse
blank verse: no rhyme but has regular meter
free verse: no rhyme no regular meter
define naturalism
stressed realism/lack of control in life
define memoir
a historical account or biography written from personal knowledge or special sources
define emulate
imitate; match or surpass (a person or achievement)
define adhere
believe in and follow the practices of
define cohere
be united; form a whole
define patrons
Patronage is the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows on another.
aaron douglass vs jacob lawrence art style
aaron douglass: geometric shapes and monochrome and silhouettes
jacob lawrence: USES A LOT OF STRAIGHT LINES and bright colors from harlem, abstract forms, cubism
harlem push/pull factors
push: racism, natural disasters
pull: jobs, safety, opportunity
define reap
cut, gather, harvest (farming or received by other peoples actions)
despite being socially-politically controversial, hr writers still looked to…?
romantic forms
what does hurston claims leads to her success
her soul, spirit, inner strength
hughes portrays remembering the past as bringing only __
grief, pain, and frustration
what movement did the HR effect
civil rights movement
overall mood/tone of tropics in NY
sadness, nostalgia, homesickness
critical reaction towards bigger
critics didnt like it because it enforced stereotypes
what does musician symbolize in weary blues
all african americans
speakers attitude in “I, Too”
optimistic for positive change in the future
elements of naturalism / modernism in native son
bigger is victim to his environment and has no happy ending as everything keeps going wrong for him and stems from his race
though they were diverse, what did aa writers not mimic?
ancient roman poetry
what was one reason they did not go to harlem?
communism