midterm for theo

define sacrament

a visible sign of gods grace instituted by christ and entrusted to the church

sacrament of baptism

• one of three sacraments of initiation

• we become a member of the church

• wipes away original sin

• to plunge

origanal sin

the fallen state of human nature that affects every person born into the world, except jesus and mary

• the sin from adam and eve

sanctifying grace

the grace which heals our lives, a gift from god brining us close to him

• the work of the holy sprirt which makes us holy

actual grace

gods interventions in our lives

what is a symbol

doing the actions, such as going to church and the waters of baptism

ritual

acting on the symbol, like worshiping at church

• symbolic action

paschal mystery

christ’s passion, death, resurrection, and ascension

• the core of christianity

sacramental character of baptism

an invisible mark on the soul that we receive at baptism which seals us for christ

sacred chrism

an oil concentrated by the bishop that is used for anointing in the sacraments of baptism and confirmation

common preisthood of the faithful

the name of the “group” of all who are baptized

apostolic succession

the successors of the apostles are the bishops

pentecost

the birth of the church, which happened in the year 33

advocate

what jesus refers to the holy spirit as

who is the anointed one

jesus

concupiscence

inclination to sin

• jesus and mary dont feel this

discernment

praying for help and guidance, rather than making the decision yourself

what is the restored order

baptism, confirmation, eucharist

sacrament of confirmation

perfects and strengthens the graces received at baptism

who was saint basil the great

• father of eastern monasticism

• created first hospital

who was saint jerome

• created the vulgate (latin translation of the bible)

who was saint athanasius

• defended christianity at the council of nicea

• fought against arianism

who was saint augustine of hippo

• made city of god

who was pope gregory the great

• gregorian chant

• maintained peace in the west during dark ages

who was saint ambrose

• mentor to saint augustine and eventually converted him

• denided the emperor the eucharist

who was saint john chrysostom

• golden mouth, powerful preacher

who was saint gregory of nazianzus

• trinitarian theologian

• poet

who was nero

• executed peter and paul

• blamed christians for the fire of rome (64)

who was domitian

• imposed emperor worship on christians

what is a martyr

someone who dies for their religion

• the blood of the martyr is the seed

edict of milan

issue by constantine to end the great persecution and make all religions, mainly christianity legal

• 313

council of nicea

council called by constantine to discuss the arian contrivery and unite the church

• if and how jesus was full divine and human

• 325

why did constantine convert

he saw a vision of a cross before going into battle

• 312

why did people not like the christians

• athesism / cultists

• disloyalty to rome

• worshiped in secret

• was monothestic

who was the leader of the apostles in early christianity

peter

what did paul do

missionary to non jewish people to try and spread christianity

what city is considered the birthplace of christianity

jerusalem

what city used the word christian first

antioch

who were the main leaders of the church

bishops, presbyters (elders), and deacons

why did bishops become so important

because of rome

• empires capital

• traditional site of peter and pauls ministry

future center of western christianity

rome

what is monastiscism

devoting your everyday life to christ and prayer

5 causes of the fall of rome

• moral decay

• corruption and weak leadership

• barbarian invasions

• spread of christianty

• finanical issues

effects of monasticism

• recovery and evangelization of modern society

• education

• recivilization

what was considered the cheif center for learning which ultimatley saved western culture

monasteries

what conflicts came to be between east and west church

• emperor vs pope

• liturigcal differences

• iconoclast contreversy

ceasropapism

the emperor thinking they have authorital power over the pope

how did christianity spread

through trade routes and paul

• all roads lead to rome

vulgate

the latin version of the bible meaning common people

what were the crusades

a serious of religious wars sanctioned by the pope to try and regain holy land from muslims

• motivated by religions zeal

• teritorial expansion

• economic gain

• led to social/political changes

nicene creed

the affirmation of christs divinity

the great schism

the ultimate division of christianity into east (orthodox) and west (roman catholic) due to papal authority and theological differences

transubstantiation

the idea that during eucharist, jesus turns wine into blood and bread into body

• the belief that seperates catholism from the other branches

what is a father of the church

• fought for the church

what is a doctor of the church

• writers

• latin fathers

sacraments of christian initiatiation

• baptism

• eucharist

• confirmation

monothesism

belief in one god

polytheism

the belief in many gods

heresy

the false teachings of the church that people thought to be true

filioque

the idea that the holy spirit comes from both the father and the son

what is orthodox

to be considered orthodox is to be considered “right”

power shifts between east and west

• east was more wealthy

• the byzantine empire started in the east, aka new rome

• Constantinople spook greek not latin

how did monasticism save the west during the dark ages

preservered knowlege + culture + education

what were the high middle ages

a period in europe that was characterized by the growth of towns, rise of universities, and the flourishing culture and relgion

confirmation in the east (constantinople/greek)

• ordinary minister is the priest

• baptism and eucharist are the same sacrament in a way

confirmation in west (rome/latin)

• confirmation is a seperate sacrament

• bishop does these

• restored order

what is the relationship between confirmation and baptism

confirmation strengthens the grace we get at baptism, which completes the process of christian initiation

what is the role of the holy spirit in confirmation

bestows the gift which empowers the person to live their live in faith

when did apostolic age start

33

when was pentacost

33

when did nero reighn

64

when did apostolic age end

100

what was saint ignatious martyred

107

when did diocletion split the empire

284

when was the edict of milan

313

when was the council of nicea

325

when did rome get moved

338

when was the collapse of the roman empire

476

when did saint benedict start the first monastary

529

when was the great schism

1054

when was the first crusade

1096-1099

when was the second crusade

1145-1149

when was the third crusade

1189-1192

when was the fourth crusade

1202-1204