APUSH TERMS

A complete guide to major terms in AP US history

Encomienda system(definition+time period)

Who were they used by?

Why?

Used in early Spanish colonization.

Forced labor of Native Americans, often brutalized and exploited.

It allowed Spanish settlers to demand tribute and labor from indigenous peoples in exchange for protection and Christianization, primarily during the 16th century.

The benefits were often not given. This system was predominant in the Americas from the early 1500s to the early 1700s.

Asiento System

What did it accomplish in legal stuff?

Required colonists to pay tax per imported slave, allowing legal slave trade in Spanish colonies from the 17th century onward.

These were Africans

Spanish Caste System

(Hierarchy)

Created in response to what?

A social hierarchy based on racial background in late Spanish colonization as the racial pool grew more diverse. Pure Whites were on top(as per usual)

Early colonization: Spanish treatment to Natives

• Brought diseases that wiped out large populations of indigenous peoples.

• Exploited labor through the encomienda system

Early colonization: English treatment to Natives

• Met far less Natives(most were wiped out)

• Initial relationships were mutually beneficial but then devolved into exploitation again as the Natives were deemed as “inferior”

• Exploited land by driving many Natives off their territory

Early colonization: French treatment to Natives

• Were not focused on colonizing

• Far less conflict with Natives

• Actually had a mutually beneficial relationship as they traded goods

• Assisted Natives with their conflicts(allies)

Jamestown & Plymouth

What were they the 1st of?

First successful British colonies

Spanish-French-Dutch-British-Portuguese

What did these lads do in the Americas

European nations involved in colonization of the Americas

Corporate Colonies

Colonies funded by private companies, where investors aimed for profit. - Sole purpose was to generate MONEY $$$

Royal Colonies

Owned directly by the English Crown directly, and governed from officials of the Crown.

Proprietary Colonies

• Land Charters given by the King in return for some form of service.

• Operated by the person who got the charter. Not the King.

1. Plymouth(mayflower)-1620

2. Massachussets Bay-1629

Why and How were these two colonies founded

1. Was founded by dissident Protestants leaving England to flee from religious prosecution.

2. Was founded by Puritans also fleeing from persecution(after the Protestants)

Halfway Covenants

Why were these created?

• A way for Puritan ministers to amass members in an age with weakened religious participation

• You now no longer need a “full conversion” to be accepted

House of Burgesses(1619)

1st of what kind of idea?

Dominated by who?

• Organized by settlers in Virginia to include more representation

• Largely dominated by elite WHITE MALE planters

Trans-Atlantic Trade

• The system of trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas

• involves the exchange of enslaved people, goods, and raw materials.

• Very profitable

Mercantilism

Effects?

• An economic theory that prioritizes feeding the “mother country” by trading exclusively with that country

• Expected from the 13 colonies

• The 13 colonies did not get fair import or export prices

• Slow economic growth

Salutary Neglect

was a result of what?

• England was so far away from the 13 colonies they couldn’t control everything(they also had larger problems to deal with)

• Allowed for lax trade regulations

  • Smuggling and Pirates became commonplace

Bacon’s Rebellion

Why did it occur?(in protest of what?)

• An armed uprising in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the colonial government,

• Protested against injustices such as high taxes and lack of protection from Native American attacks.

• RAHHHHHHH tensions increased

New England Confederation

What did it try to accomplish?

• A brief alliance of New England colonies in 1643 to protect common interests like defending Native American attacks

• Set a precedent of colonies uniting

Metacoms War(1675-1676)

Effects of the War?

• A conflict between colonists and Native Africans

• The chief of the Wampanog tribe, Metacom (King Philip), led an uprising against English settlers in New England

• He lost resulting in a devastating war that significantly weakened Native American resistance in New England

Slavery in the 1700’s

What were the different regions and their usage in Slavery

The North had more family farms and less use of Slavery

The South had more plantations and relied heavily on slave labor for cash crops like tobacco and rice.

The Great Awakening (1730-1770’s)

What was it?

Why was it important for the American Revolution?

• A religious revival across all Europe and America

• Drew emphasis on human sin and damnation

• Increase in emotionalism

• Ministers lost power and more power studied the Bible by themselves

• Fueled ideas of autonomy and thinking for themselves to be independent thinkers, contributing to revolutionary sentiment.

Zenger Case

What did it accomplish?

During what time period?

• Promoted the Freedom of Press

• Colonial period(1734)

What were the colonies relationship with Britain before 1750?

What was gud?

What was bad?

• Growing divergence from Britain as the colony’s self-governence led to a level of autonomy and independence

• Surfacing tensions over trade policies

• Was overall still good and colonists still considered themselves British citizens

What was the Treaty of Paris(1763) and what did it accomplish

(acquired land) as a result of Britain’s victories in the wars between 1689-1748?

• Effects on the British empire

• Effects on American colonies’

• Ended _______ neglect

*note that there are many so called “Treaty of Paris’” and try not to get confused. This one is sometimes referred to as “Peace of Paris”

• Great Britain became the supreme authority in North America

• No more French influence(NOOOOO)

• American colonies no longer faced threats

• British demanded the American colonies to pay for the War. They justified it by stating that they protected the colonists which is honestly fair.

• Ended Salutary Neglect and Britain became more attentive to trade regulations

Proclamation of 1763

(British induced)

Why did the British do this?

• Was the first attempt made by the British to tax the colonies to pay for the 7 years war

Distinction between Great Awakening and Great Enlightenment

• While both occurred during similar time periods

• The Awakening emphasized emotionalism and a closer personal connection with God(drawing power away from ministers) and allowed people to believe in their own values

• The Enlightenment emphasized science and reason but also allowed people to question the concepts on a Monarch(a “god-given” title/power)

Both fueled ideas of the American Revolution

Taxation w/o Representation

What did the Colonists think of this?

• Colonies were unable to elect their own officials to the British parliament

• Had no say on the taxes implemented

Fueled anti-british sentiments as colonists felt their rights were being violated by British rule.

Sugar Act

Quartering Act

Stamp Act

What did these have in common?

What reaction did the Colonists have?

• Acts passed by King George III to pay for the War

• Colonists were infuriated at THESE ATTEMPTS TO DENY THEM THEIR CIVIL LIBERTIES!!!

• (1764-1765)

Stamp Act congress & Sons & Daughters of Liberty

Why were these organizations formed?

• Organizations formed to oppose the Stamp Act and British oppression in general

• Boycotts were very common

Declaratory Act of 1766

Why was this passed?(in response to what other act)

• Repealed the controversial Stamp Act

• Was a AWOOOO in a baaaaa clothing and it hid a sneaky term in there: Allowed parliament to create laws & taxes in any case

• Colonists were just happy to be rid of the Stamp Act

Townshend Acts

Why were these Acts passed?

tried to gather more money and assert British dominance:

• Placed tax on basic amenities like Chewbacca furry mugs

• Allowed Bri’ish soldiers to search private homes

• Upon public protest (and boycotts)was repealed and brought political peace for a brief moment of time

What was the Boston Tea Party and why did it happen?

• Colonists being petty and not wanting to buy British tea in protest to the Tea Act of 1773 that made it cheaper

• They dumped lots of tea into the ocean

• In retaliation parliament passed the Coercive acts

The Coercive Acts

Why were they passed?

What did it aim to happen and what actually happened?

• Georgie III and Petty Parliament passed these acts to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party.

• Closed Boston Harbor and restricted town meetings, aiming to reassert British control over the colony.

• In reality, the Colonists just got mad

• Dubbed the “intolerable acts” by the colonists

Quebec Act(1774)

Passed in tandem with what other act?

What did it do?

• Passed with the Intolerable Acts

• Repositioned all of the Canadian territories from the French, setting up a government WITHOUT A REPRESENTATIVE ASSEMBLY(OH NO) and took land from the American colonies

The Great Enlightenment

What influence did it have?

Major concepts of “Enlightenment”

• Caused philosophical justifications to go against the British, inspired by ideas of liberty and equality

• Deism- A belief in god but not in its intervention

• Rationalism- Trusting human rationale rather than religious BS(science)

• Social Contracts- A shared set of rules created by a group of people to promote liberty and equality(like a government)

“Common Sense” by Thomas Paine

What did it accomplish?

• Through attacking the idiocracy of British rule over the colonies, argued for independence

• Rallied and riled up colonists

First Continental Congress

Why were they assembled?

Who’s grievances did they try to avenge?

• A assembled force on delegates from each colony except Georgia

• Met at a convention in Philly in 1774 to discuss next steps to deal with Britain’s threat to their liberties

• Most delegates wanted to keep British ties at this point which was very clear in their letter than they were willing to make concessions and collaborate

• Declared grievances to the British Crown

The King said hell naw and declared MA to be in a state of rebellion, placing more troops in Boston

Bro’s just petty

Suffolk Resolves

Opposed who?

What did it detail?

• Endorsed by 1st Continental Congress and opposed British oppression over the colonies

• Called for immediate removal of Intolerable Acts(coercive Acts)

• Called colonies to form militias and prepare for potential conflict.

Battle @ Lexington & Concord

Why did it happen?

Significance?

• British came to take weapons from the colonists

• They marched and achieved it, but not before severe fighting broke out

• Signaled the start of armed conflict between Britain and the colonies, igniting the Revolutionary War.

“Declaration of the Causes and Necessities for Taking Up Arms”

Why was it declared?

What was it?

Who did it place in charge?

• Was a response to the Battle of Bunker Hill(the first major full-scale conflict of the Revolutionary War)

• Called for colonists to take up arms and become troops

• Placed good ol Georgie Washington as commander-in-chief

The Declaraion of Independence?

Was in response to what specific action

Who’s ideas did they follow?

Was in response to Parliament’s Prohibitory Act, which declared all colonies in rebellion after they had a last ditch effort(olive branch) to make peace…

• The Declaration of Independence:

  • Richard Henry Lee declared the colonies independent in June 7, 1776

  • T. Jefferson, amongst the 5 delegates drafted a statement in agreeance with Lee’s work

  • The Congress adopted these two and on July 4th, 1776, declared Independence

British in the Revolutionary War

Advantages?

• Lots of resources'

• Experienced in waging war

• Wealthy economy

• Trained Army

• Strongest Navy

• Support from loyalists(Tories)

Patriots in the Revolutionary War

Advantages?

What did troop enrollment look like?

• Most were reluctant to travel outside home states

• Would serve in local militia for short periods of time then go back to work their land

• Washington never had more than 20,000 troops at one time

• Were short on supplies

• Were rarely paid

• Had a strong commitment to independence → resilience

Battles of Saratoga(Oct 1777)

What was its significance?

• A Patriot win against the British and persuaded the French to openly ally with the Colonists(they never liked the British)

• Marks a turning point in the Revolutionary War

Treaty Of Paris 1783

Significance?

Why was it signed?

• Formally ended the Revolutionary War, recognizing American independence and establishing boundaries for the new nation.

• It was signed due to pressure from the Whig party in Parliament to end the War after it had been going south for them

Republican Motherhood

What did it call women to do?

• Influenced by Revolutionary ideas

• Called for women to educate their children on the values of liberty, equality and democracy

Articles of Confederation

Written by which group?

What did it state?

Where was its weakness(clue)?

Effects?

• Was the first constitution of the United States written by the 2nd Continental Congress

• Gave the federal government very weak powers to avoid another tyranny like Britain

• One major weakness is it couldn’t directly tax states or regulate commerce(had no money power)

• As a result, the U.S as a whole was weak, and struggled to pay debts and internal divisions emerged between states with conflicting interests

Shay’s Rebellion(1786)

Why did it happen?

Highlighted what weakness within the U.S at the time?

• A revolt led by Daniel Shays to protest against the high state taxes and aggressive debt collection practices in Massachusetts

• Highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

The CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION(1786)

Was a result of what weakness?(clue)

Made up of which specific demographic?

What was their main concern?

What did the convention decide on these topics:(Power-Representation-Slavery-Commerce-Presidency)

• Persuaded by James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, 55 delegates from all states(except Rhode Island) met up to discuss the problems with the Articles of Confederation

• Made up of rich old white men and bokchoys

• The delegates wanted a stronger federal government in varying levels

  • Separation of Powers to reduce risk of tyranny

  • Representation through a bicameral legislature(Conneticut Plan/Great Compromise)

  • slavery was addressed with the Three-Fifths Compromise

  • The Commercial Compromise allowed congress to regulate commerce and place tax on imports(not exports though)

  • The President was decided to serve 4 years(with no limit to how many terms)

Ratification of the Constitution?(1787-1788)

What were the two sides?

What was the solution?

• The two opposing sides were the Federalists and Anti-Federalists(not the most creative)

• To appease the Anti-Feds and to achieve Ratification, the Feds promised a Bill of Rights to ensure basic freedoms

Main ideas of the Constitution:

• Separation of powers(Legislative-Executive-Judicial)

• Checks and balances

• federalism(splitting state and federal powers)

• individual rights

• popular sovereignty.

idk if you want/need to memorize these, but could be useful to review: Government in 1788:

What are the 3 branches of the U.S

What did the Bill of Rights include

• Legislative- created laws and taxes

• Executive- Enforced those laws led by the president

• Judicial- Interprets the laws and the Constitution as a check

Here is the original text directly from the Bill of Rights:

1. Freedom of speech, you can criticize anyone and anything ANYWHERE

2. People can have guns

3. Soldiers, even in times of war cannot come into your house without your permission slip

4. People cannot search you or your property without a warrant

5. If you have done bad things, you cannot be convicted without a fair trial with a jury and you cannot be double whammied for the same offense

6. If you have done bad things, you have the right to a speedy and public trial

7. If your bad thing has exceeded the value of 20 bucks you can still have a trial

8. You cannot be punished weirdly or have to pay unreasonable amounts of money

9. Constitution cannot be denied

10. Powers not given to the federal government are reserved for the states

Hamilton’s Financial Program

Why was it needed?

Who opposed it?

What did it do?

What version/alteration ended up getting passed?

• Hammy’s program was created because the U.S was in a crippling amount of debt from the Revolutionary War

• T.Jeff opposed it(saying it only benefited the rich)

• Plan:

  1. Pay off national debt fully & the debt of the states

  2. Protect upcoming american industries

  3. High tariffs on imports 

  4. Create a national bank for a stable U.S currency

• The version that got passed had less “high” tariffs and a compromise on the location of the capital, which moved to Washington D.C

French Revolution

Controversial because?

Who supported it?

What did Washington do?

• Coinciding with Washington’s term, was controversial because the U.S was allied with the French Monarch not the Revoultion(which the public supported because they too experienced their own revolution)

• T.Jeff supported joining with the Revolution

• Washington took a neutral stance

Jay Treaty

Why did Americans get mad?

What (hint) land opportunities did it give the U.S?

• The Jay Treaty was unpopular due to perceived concessions to Britain, including the failure to address impressment of American sailors

• It opened up land opportunities in the Northwest Territory by resolving lingering issues from the Revolutionary War(The Spanish respected the U.S more)

NorthWest Confederacy(1794)

Was a group of what specific demographic?

Why was it formed?

• Made up of tribes of Native Americans

• To fight against the encroaching settlers stealing their land

• In the Battle of Fallen Timbers, the confederacy was defeated by American forces, leading to the signing of the Treaty of Greenville.

Battle of Fallen Timbers(1794)

What treaty was made as a result?

Battle of Fallen Timbers was a conflict between settlers and the NorthWest Confederacy(Native Americans). The Natives lost.

• The Treaty of Greenville, which new established boundaries

• It resulted in the cession of significant territory to the United States.

Review these: Early political parties in early United States

Reviewed? Good job!!

XYZ affair

What was it?

Influenced the American public in what way?(fueled what sentiments)

French ministers requested Bribes as a basis for negotiations for the issue of French warships seizing U.S merchant ships.

• This angered the Americans and now disliked the French(no longer supported their revolution)

Naturalization Act(1790)

Alien Acts

Sedition Acts

What did these Acts do?

Why were they passed?

• Made it harder for immigrants to become citizens, allowed the President to deport aliens considered “dangerous” and made it illegal for the media to criticize the Prez or Congress

• Passed by the Federalist Party to weaken the base of the Demorcratic-Republican Party

Kentucky & Virginia resolutions(1790’s)

Why were they passed?

What did they accomplish?

• Passed by the Democratic-Republican states to nullify the federal laws they deemed unconstitutional. (Due to Federalists passing Acts they didn’t like)

• They asserted the principles of states' rights and set a precedent for future challenges to federal authority.

Growth of Slavery starting in 17__?

Due to the invention of ______ ___?

• Started in 1793

• The Cotton Gin(invented by Eli Whitney)

Revolution of 1800

Was the transfer of power between what 2 parties?

• The Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party as Jefferson won the Presidency

• Peaceful

The Louisiana Purchase

Who oversaw this MASSIVE purchase?

Why was it made?

Effects?

• Under Jefferson’s Presidency

• Was made due to Napolean needing MONEY and Jefferson sent ministers to buy a small strip of land

• Ended up getting the entire territory for a GREAT DEAL of 15 million

• More than Doubled the size of U.S territory

Lewis & Clark expedition

What did it set out to do?

Who were they sent by?

• Explore the Louisiana territories from St.Louis in 1804 for two years

• Sent by T.Jeff

What was the influence of the Marbury Vs. Madison case in 1803?

• Marshall set that the Supreme Court could exercise power to decide whether an act of Congress(or president) was allowed by the Constitution. Meaning, they could now overrule actions from the other 2 branches of government. 

Embargo Act(1807)

Who created it?

Why was it bad

• Was created by Thomas Jefferson in an attempt to stop the British from stealing merchant ships from the U.S

• The British just ignored them and ended up hurting Americas merchants even more(was actually super bad)

• Was hastily repealed and tried to be corrected with the Madison’s Non-intercourse act

THE WAR OF 1812

Causes of the War(why did the U.S get involved?)

Who opposed it?

What treaty came out of the War?

Effect on U.S economy?

• The French & British were violating U.S shipping rights, Americans wanted more land, blaming the British for the Battle of Tippecanoe, War Hawks instigating the war

• Quids, Merchants and some of the New England states

• The Treaty of Ghent

• Even prior to U.S involvement, U.S Independence strengthened as manufactured goods started to take place domestically

The Treaty of Ghent

What did it do?

• Formally ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Britain, restoring pre-war boundaries and conditions. (Pretty much did nothing)

The Hartford Convention

Eradicated what political party?

Due to what event?

• The Federalists, who opposed the War of 1812 and wanted seccesion(now in favor of the U.S) looked weak and whiny

• Marked the decline of the Federalist Party

Monroe’s foreign policy

What was it characterized by?

• VERY aggressive

• VERY aggressive

Rush-Bagot Agreement(1817)

Treaty of 1818

What relations did these strengthen?

• The Rush-Bagot allowed the Canana US border to be the largest unarmed border in the World

• The Treaty of 1818 strengthened relations

Both signaled an era of cooperation and respect between Britain and the U.S

Florida Purchase Treaty

What time period?

• 1819

• Spanish sold the Florida territory for 5 million

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

What did it assert?

• Asserted that U.S properties & interests should not be messed with by European colonization powers.

• Foreign policy was used by other Presidents in the future to justify their actions

MARKET REVOLUTION

(Industrialization)

During what period of time?

Shift from a __________ economy to a ___________ economy

This shift occurred due to what changes?

• During 1815-1846

• A shift from agrarian to industrial/commercial economy

• Shift occurred due to improved technology and efficiency

  (Farming became efficient, steamboats as tech, roads , railroads and canals developed for better transportation of goods)

Lowell System

During what period?

What was it?

• During the industrial revolution

• A system employing solely women and girls to work in really bad working conditions for low pay(textiles)

How did Politics change between 1824-1840’s

In terms of voting policies

• Voting became less of a “rich white male thing” and became more of a “white male thing”(Universal White Male Suffrage)

• Caucuses(closed to the public) were replaced by nominating conventions opened to the public

Spoils System

What is it?

• A system where the Elected president would only appoint people federal jobs if they supported their party and campaign

• If not, you're out of here

• That’s why its called the “spoils” system, as in “spoils of war”

Peggy Eaton Affair

What effect did it have on _______ Cabinet?

Who stayed loyal(clue)?

Peggy Eaton was the wife of Jackson’s secretary of war and was the target of “malicious gossip” (she got with the secretary of war shortly after her previous husband died) and when Jackson appointed Eaton as his secretary of war, many cabinet members shunned her and some left. 

• However, Martin Van Buren stayed loyal and was chosen to replace the previous vice president(who left)

Indian Removal Act(1830)

Which President did this, and why?

What did this Act do?

Trail of _____ of the __________ tribe

• Passed by President Jackson, and sided with the settlers to push Native Americans off their land

• It authorized the forced(military force) removal of natives from their land to move further West

• The Trial of Tears is considered a genocide of the Cherokee Tribe, due to its high death rate in 1838

Tariff of Abominations

Who revolted, against what?

How was it dealt with and how does it speak to ______ Presidency in general?

• In 1828, South Carolina declared the “Tariff of Abominations” to be unconstitutional due to how high it was, seeking to nullify it(Kansas-Nebraska Act)

• Jackson favored States rights, but NOT disunion and threatened with Military force, and declared South Carolina treasonous

What did the ever-changing “Frontier” represent to the American people?

• While the physical frontier kept changing due to expansions to westward, the frontier remained a beacon of hope and opportunity for discontent or ambitious Americans seeking a new start

Cultural Nationalism

When did it really start gaining traction?

What movements did it inspire?

• A strong patriotic feeling in the Americas that started gaining traction in the 1850’s

• Inspired many art and literary movements that celebrated American culture and identity.

Romanticism

A shift from _____________

Expressed through ____________

• A shift away from Enlightenment ideas towards more individualism and intuition

• Expressed through Transcendentalists like Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau(supported reforms and emphasized indivisualism)

Second Great Awakening(1780-1850)

Promoted what?

Led to _______ movements

Led by who?

• Reasserted traditional Puritan teachings while also promoting new religious fervor

• Also led to many social reform movements, including temperance(reducing drinking), abolition and women's rights.

• Activist Religious Groups(believing in perfection)

What are some Reforms made before the Civil War?

(antebellum period)

• Temperance- Reducing the sale and drinking of alcohol

• Humanitarian help in Public Asylums- Jails, mental hospitals and specialized care for the disabled

• Public Education- higher education and emphasis on virtues

Seneca Falls Convention(1848)

Meeting of who?

What did they publish?

What other issue within the United States shadowed the movement they represented?

• A meeting of feminists

• Published the Declaration of Sentiments declaring that all men AND women are created equal

• The issue of women’s rights was overshadowed by the issue of Slavery at the time

American Colonization Society

What was their approach to ______?

Was it successful? Why or why not?

• They figured it would be a good idea to “return” African Americans back to Africa

• First attempted in 1817

• Only managed to move 12,000 and was not significant to the massive 2.5 million enslaved population

What are some ways enslaved African Americans resisted Slavery?

What effect did these have on White slaveowners

• Slowing/Sabotaging work

• Running away(faced severe consequences)

• Organizing revolts or uprisings

• Creating and maintaining a distinct culture through music and oral traditions

Made slave codes more strict and southerners got more and more defensive on Slavery.

Foundation of the Southern economy during the 1850 era

• KING COTTON(and other cash crops but mainly cotton)

Manifest Destiny

What was it used to describe?

Was supported by who?

• Used by expansionalists to justify the U.S acquiring land as part of its divine right to expand across the continent from coast to coast(entitled butts)

• The general public(especially during the 1840’s)

Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842)

Was made due to what War?

What did it do?

• The Aroostook War, which was between Maine and British ruled Canada

• It settled the boundary disputes

The expansionalist zeal was captured by which political party and candidate during the 1844 election?

What did “Fifty-Four Forty or Fight” mean?

• James K. Polk from the democratic party appealed to Western and southern expansionalist and won the election

• Democratic Party slogan of the latitude line they wanted the border of Oregon to be

Mexican-American War

Effects?

Instigated by which Prez?

• A war between Mexican and American forces that resulted in the U.S. acquiring significant territory including present-day California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas.

• President James K. Polk, who sought to expand U.S. territory.

Treaty of Guadalpe Hidalgo(1848)

What did it do((objectively)

What did it do(effects on politics)

Due to what?

1. Mexico recognized the border to be at the Rio Grande(what the U.S wanted)

2. Sold the provinces of Mexico and California in the Mexican Cession, and the United States paid 15 million for this. 

The newly acquired lands renewed debates on the expansion of Slavery, becoming a major cause of the upcoming Civil War

Was the result of the Mexican-America War which the U.S won

Ostend Manifesto(1854)

Who?

Why did it stop?

Highlights what debate within the U.S at the time?

• Franklin Pierce(Prez) sent iplomats in secret to buy Cuba

• News was leaked and the operation had to stop due to Anti-Slavery members getting MAD

• Highlights how intense the topic of Slavery was getting

Wilmot Proviso

What did it attempt to do?

Why did it fail(clue)?

• Was a failed attempt after the Mexican War to prohibit Slavery from the new territories

• Defeated by a majority Southern senate, increasing tensions

Free-Soil Movement

What did they advocate for

(Hint: Right cause, wrong reason)

• They advocated for the prohibition of Slavery to create a land of opportunity solely for White guys

Popular Sovereignty

What did it try to compromise and how?

• Concept introduced by Lewis Cass to settle issues on the expansion of Slavery by allowing settlers of a territory to decide on the legality of slavery within that territory.

Appealed to moderates