BIO1010 Modules 4 and 5 Study Guide: Carbohydrates and Lipids

Vocabulary flashcards covering carbohydrate structures, disaccharide compositions, and lipid definitions based on Modules 4 and 5 study guides.

Starch

A polysaccharide that serves as energy storage in plant cells, consisting of unbranched or slightly branched chains.

Glycogen

A polysaccharide that serves as energy storage in animal cells, consisting of highly branched chains.

Cellulose

A polysaccharide providing structural support in plant cell walls, consisting of strands joined by hydrogen bonds.

Chitin

A polysaccharide providing structural support in fungal cell walls and insect and crustacean exoskeletons, consisting of strands joined by acetylamine groups.

Peptidoglycan

A polysaccharide providing structural support in bacterial cell walls, consisting of strands joined by peptide bonds.

Dehydration Reaction

The reaction type that forms two monomers into a disaccharide.

Hydrolysis Reaction

The reaction type that forms a monomer from a disaccharide.

Glycosidic Linkage

The bond connecting two monomers of carbohydrates.

Lactose

A disaccharide composed of Glucose and Galactose, most commonly found in Milk & Dairy.

Maltose

A disaccharide composed of Glucose and Glucose, most commonly found in Beer.

Sucrose

A disaccharide composed of Glucose and Fructose, most commonly found in Table sugar.

Phospholipids

Molecules composed of two fatty acids and a phosphate head.

Steroids

Structures composed of four fused hydrocarbon rings found in animals only.

Unsaturated fatty acids

Long chains of carbon and hydrogen with double bonds, noted as solid at room temperature.

Cholesterol

Composed of four fused hydrocarbon rings--generic.

Triglycerides

Lipids composed of one glycerol and three fatty acid chains.

Saturated fatty acids

Long chains of carbon and hydrogen without double bonds, noted as liquid at room temperature.

trans-unsaturated

A structural type of fatty acid containing a trans double bond configuration.

cis-unsaturdated

A structural type of fatty acid containing a cis double bond configuration.