QD P2

Shadowgraph

A pictorial image formed by casting a shadow, usually of the hands, upon a rightful surface

Overwriting

The below are the following aspect or use of stereoscopic binocular microscope

Measures and test plates

Those used for signatures and typewriting

Table lamps and adjustable shades

Also known as "Goose Neck Lamps

Infrared Viewer

Primary use to decipher writings in a charred document

Comparison Microscope

Similar to that of the bullet comparison microscope.

Comparison Microscope

A kind of microscope especially constructed so as to facilitate side by side strong microscopic details.

Video Spectral Comparator

It is used in the examination of masked or obliterated text, watermarks, visible fluorescence, paper fluorescence and oblique illumination of indented writing and embossing features, intaglio script. It also detects variation in the infra - red characteristics of inks.

Electro Static Detection Apparatus

ESDA means?

Alteration

It refers to the process of reading or making out the material which is illegible without actually developing or restoring the original writing on the document itself.

Interlineation

It includes the addition of writing and other material between lines or paging or the addition of whole pages to a document.

Subtraction

Any matter out, strike out or scratch out after its original preparations

Addition

When there is sufficient space between the words or at the end of a sentence to permit the insertion or addition of a single letter or word or a punctuation mark, such alteration may change the part of the entire document of its monetary value.

Chemical Erasure

The writing is effaced by the use of liquid ink eradicator. B. Mechanical erasure Subtraction by cancellation

Mechanical Erasure

A kind of erasure by rubbing with a rubber eraser or scratching out with a knife or other sharp instrument.

Transmitted light process

This is where fraudulent documents are placed immediately above the genuine document (signature) and with strong light directed through the two superimposed sheets of paper from under with transparent glass used as a writing surface.

Sign of Forgery

Presence of unnecessary retouching or patching is an indication of?

Slowness in writing

I-dots and t-crosses made and placed perfectly is an indication of?

Rapidness in writing

Misplaced and misshaped I-dots and t-cross are indications of?

Indirect Tracing

A forger uses a carbon paper and places a document on which he will trace the forged signature under the document bearing the model signature with a carbon paper between the two.

Forgery

It is committed by any person who, with intent to defraud, signs the name of another person, or of a fictitious person knowing that he has no authority to do so.

Buckle Knot

If refers to the horizontal and looped strokes that are often used to complete such letters

Central Part

The part of a letter ordinarily formed by a small circle that usually lies on the line of writing.

Central Part

Refers to the lower portion of any down stroke which terminated on the baseline.

Hook

It is the bend, crook or curve on the inner side of the bottom loop or curve of a small letter

Knob

The rounded appearance at the beginning or ending strokes.

Whirl

It is the upward strokes usually on letters that have long loops

Retouching

A stoke that goes back to repair a defective portion of writing.

Main Stroke

Refers to the downward strokes of any letter.

Indentation Process

The type of forgery whereby indentation of canal-like outlines of the genuine signatures is produced by the fraudulent document (bottom sheet) by tracing the outline of the genuine signatures (top sheet) with considerable pressure with any sharp pointed instrument

Carbon-outline Process

It denotes that the forgery interleaves a carbon paper between the genuine signatures (top sheet) and the document intended to be forged (bottom sheet).

Pen Emphasis

It is the periodic increase in pressure of intermittently forcing the pen against the paper surface with increased pressure

Guided Signature

A signature that is executed while the writer's hand or arm is steadied in any way.

Informal Signature

A class of signature for routine document or day to day correspondence.

Careless Scribble

Signatures used to acknowledge delivery, purchase of goods and mail.

Conventional

A-Kind of signature where it is readable and legible

Fraudulent Signature

It is a forged signature, which involves the writing of a name or a signature by someone other than the person himself, without his permission, often with some degree of imitation

Highly Individualize

A kind of signature where a series of intertwining strokes, ornamentation and flourishes can be seen.

Natural Variation

Refers to the usual or normal deviation found in a repeated specimen of an individual's Handwriting.

Evidential

It is a signature, signed at a particular time and place, under particular conditions, while the signer was at a particular age, in a particular physical and mental condition Tremor of literacy

None of the above

The following are genuine tremors, except?

Rubric

Refers to the additional unnecessary strokes in writing that are for decorative or ornamental

Pen Lift

An interruption in strokes caused by removing the pen from the paper.

Slope

Is it the angle or inclination of the axis of the letters from the baseline?

Pen Lifting

What is that interruption in a stroke, caused by sudden removal of the writing instrument from the paper surface?

None of the above

The following factors can affect the handwriting characteristics of the person, except;

Simple forgery

A signature written by a forger in his own style of handwriting without attempting to copy the form of the genuine signature

Pen Lift

An interruption in strokes caused by removing the pen from the paper.

Block

Dr. Rodriguez observes a form of hand lettering or printing where each letter is written separately. What is this style called?

Cursive

The team discusses a style of handwriting in which connected writings or letters are jointly connected. What is this style called?

Post Litem Motam

When establishing the relative dates of the questioned and standard documents with standard signatures or writing, what must be considered?

Parchment

The team discovers an ancient manuscript made from plant fibers, commonly used in medieval times. What is the term for this writing material?

Indelible Ink

During ink analysis, the team investigates the permanence of different ink types. Which ink is known for its permanent quality and resistance to fading?

Documentum

Dr. Rodriguez, exploring the historical roots of document examination, looks into the Latin term for a document. What is it?

Microscopy

The team employs a technique to detect forged documents by examining microscopic details. What is this technique called?

Steel Pen

In the ancient script investigation, the team finds evidence of a writing tool made from a pointed piece of metal. What is this tool called?

Verification

Dr. Rodriguez emphasizes the importance of the legal process of officially validating a document or signature. What is this process called?

Falsification of public document

The team encounters a private document that is part of public record, and falsification is committed. What crime classification does this fall under?

Commercial Document

Dr. Rodriguez identifies a document recognized by the Code of Commerce and other Mercantile laws. What is this type of document called?

Graphology

During handwriting analysis, the team explores the distinctive writing habits of an individual.

John Loud

The team discusses the invention of the first practical fiber-tip pen. Who is credited with inventing this pen?

Questioned Document

Dr. Rodriguez relies on a specific type of document as the basis for identifying or non-identifying the questioned document. What is this document called?

Inconographs

The team encounters an ancient writing system that combines symbols and drawings. What term is used for this type of writing system?

Fabrication

In cases where a document is deliberately altered or added to with fraudulent intent, what Crime is committed?

Qualification

Before testifying as an expert witness, a document examiner's professional experience and education are evaluated. What is this evaluation called?

Examining documents under ultraviolet light

Dr. Rodriguez uses a specific examination method involving ultraviolet light. What is the primary purpose of UV examination in document analysis?

Must be those written 5 years before or after the date of questioned signatures or wring

Relative dates of the questioned and standards with standard signatures or writing must

Opinion

When the document is difficult to prove, the expert should seek another expert's opinion to have his or her second opinion. This refers to?

Obliteration

It refers to the blotting out or shearing over the writing to make the original invisible as an

Criminalistics Examination

This involves the detection of forgery, erasure, alteration, or obliteration of documents

Handwriting Examination

This is more focused on determining the author of writing

4

Upon submission of the requested standards of the questioned text written, how many writings of the suspect/s is being requested?

Insertion

It is used to include the addition of writing and other material between lines or paragraphs or the addition of the whole page to a document

Erasure

The removal of writings, typewriting, or printing form a document is an erasure.