religion,peace and conflict

whats a war

when nations use violence against other nations to resolve issues between them

whats conflict

when individuals use violence against each other to resolve issues between them

what are 3 reasons a country would go to war

* greed - if you want the resources / something from the country
* self defence - defending your country
* retaliation - returning a military attack

what could you do rather than going to war

* have peace talks if both countries agree
* cut off trade to impact their economy
* provide aid to allies under attack

whats a just war

a war that is morally right to fight

whats an unjust war

a war that is morally wrong to fight

What's just war theory?

the criteria we use to decide if a war is just or unjust

Why did the Falklands War happen?

over the dispute between who should get the falklands islands

what are 3 key facts with the Falklands war

* falklands islands near argentina but ruled by britain
* Argentinians wanted them back so invaded the islands in 1982
* margaret thatcher sent British troupes to falklands islands to fight
* britain then won the war

what are nuclear weapons

Weapons that work by a nuclear reaction; they devastate huge areas and kill large numbers of people.

When have nuclear weapons been used?

Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945

what are biological weapons

use toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria or viruses to kill or incapacitate humans, animals or plants

what are chemical weapons

use a mixture of lethal weapons to poison, burn or paralyse humans and destroy the natural environment

which type of countries have chemical weapons

most technologically advanced countries

what are some examples for when chemical weapons have been used

poison gas (ww2), japan (nerve gas)

What is terrorism?

A terrorist attack is a criminal action which aims to kill or cause harm to innocent people to promote the attacker's view or opinions.

what are some potential causes of terroism?

* wants to leave a lasting legacy
* mentally unstable
* bored/ lonely

whats a holy war?

A war that is fought in the name of God for explicitly religious reasons.

what are the three elements of a holy war?

* the achievement of a **religious goal**
* authorised by a **religious leader**
* a spiritual award for those who take part

why might religion lead to or worsen wars and violence?

* more to disagree about
* security of after life
* outdated texts

why might religion prevent or lessen wars and violence?

* some dont believe in violence
* just war theory
* teachings in favour of forgiveness

whats forgiveness definition

The choice to release feelings of resentment and alter behaviours after disagreements.

What's reconciliation?

Officially restoring friendly relations after a state of conflict.

What's a pacifist

Individuals opposed to all use of violence.

whats a conscientious objector

People who refuse to use violence or take part in wars for moral reasons.

what are some reasons people were conscientious objectors in ww1

* political beliefs
* religious beliefs

what is the consequence of war on soldiers

* PTSD / trauma
* death
* long term illness/injury
* separation from family

what is the consequence of war on civilians

* children left without father figure
* separation from family


* Help citizens to judge the decisions of their governments.

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what is the consequence of war on non- living things

* destruction of infrastructure
* radioactive areas from atomic bombs
* loss of cultural/ historic sites

what are some examples of terroism?

* 9/11
* ariana grande concert

what is the definition of violent protest?

refers to cases where violence is used in opposition to a perceived injustice by the state

whats an example of violent protest

malcom x and the civil rights movement

who led the violent protests in the civil rights movement?

Malcolm X

what action did Malcolm x take during the civil right movement

* joined nation of Islam who argued for black separatism and became their leader
* they carried out attacks on police and government officials and buildings
* left the nation of Islam and gave up his beliefs about black separatism
* lead the violent protests of the civil rights movement

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what action did martin Luther king take during the civil rights movement

* organised freedom marches
* gave speeches

who was more effective in the civil right movement, martin Luther king or Malcolm x

non violent :mlk

* more likely to persuade ordinary people
* how spiritual and moral superiority

violent : malcom x

* effective against people who dont listen to violent protest and forces people to act

what are weapons of mass destruction (WMDs)

a weapon that can kill large numbers of people and/ or cause great damage (chemical, biological and nuclear)

what are the points of just war theory (CLOPJAW)

C ontrolled by authority.

L ast resort.

O utcome is good.

P roportional force.

J ust cause.

A im achieved, war ends.

W innable.

who created the just war principles

was invented by Catholic theologians Saint
Thomas Aquinas and Saint Augustine as early as the 13th Century.

how can the just war theory help

1. Help Governments decide when to go to war.
2. Help citizens to judge the decisions of their governments.
3. Aquinas and Augustine hoped it would show was is so is rarely justifiable that countries will solve disputes in other ways.

whats a difference and similarity between Buddhist and christian approaches to a holy war

1. christianity use violence but Buddhist dont
2. both of them look at their relogion for their beliefs during war

in your opinion could a war fought for religious reasons be justifiable

no because everyone should respect each others beliefs and tolerate each other. If there is disputes they should be solved through talking.

what happened to conscientious objectors during the 1st world war

sent to civil prisons. The initial standard sentence was 112 days third division hard labour - the most severe level of prison sentence under English law at that time.

what jobs did conscientious objectors do instead of fighting in the world wars?

joined medical relief teams and helped survivors of Auschwitz

whats an example of a holy war?

the crusades which was between christians and muslims which started to to secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both groups

whats are christians beliefs about holy wars

believe its better to defend the faith through words than through violence

whats are buddhists beliefs about holy wars

that no war is ever justifiable even in self defence

what are Christians views on nuclear weapons?

they kill large numbers of innocent people so cant be justifies however some see the stockpiling of weapons useful as a deterrent to maintain peace

what are buddhists views on nuclear weapons?

it disagrees with their first moral which id dont take life and believe its a risk for them even to exist as they could still be used

what are chritians views on organisation ti help with the victims of war?

they support them as jesus said ‘love your neighbor as yourself’

what are christian beliefs on violence?

* god has used punishment on those who disobeyed him like in the story of noah and the flood
* sometimes god commanded the Israelites to use violence against other people