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19 Terms

1
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Soothing Perinatal Experiences

In indigenous tribes, infants are kept close to the mother, strapped to her back or breast, with no separation for extended periods.

2
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Winnicott's Mirror Role (1971)

The concept that a mother acts as a mirror for her baby, reflecting the baby’s emotions and expressions back to them, which is crucial for their emotional development.

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Healthy Emotional Development

Emotional growth that relies on coordinated and responsive affective communication between a caregiver and an infant.

4
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Atypical Communication (Hewlett & Lamb, 2005)

A deviation from traditional caregiving practices, which may negatively influence emotional development in infants.

5
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Sensitivity to Timing (Henning & Striano, 2011)

Infants’ acute ability to detect even small delays in communication, which can impact their emotional responses.

6
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Depressed Mothers and Communication (Feldman, 2007)

Disruptions in mother-infant interactions, such as decreased eye contact and longer pauses.

7
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Postpartum Depression

Occurring in mothers during the first few months after childbirth, associated with reduced engagement in healthy parenting behaviours.

8
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Reduced Breastfeeding (Pope & Mazmanian, 2016)

A lower likelihood of breastfeeding and other social interactions with the infant, often linked to maternal depression.

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Neural Activity in Depressed Mothers (Laurent & Ablow, 2012)

Reduced brain activation when responding to their infants’ cries, indicating emotional disengagement.

10
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Infant Temperament and Parental Depression (Murray et al., 1996)

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Emotional Synchrony (Granat et al., 2017)

The coordinated emotional expressions between mother and child, which is often diminished in cases of maternal depression.

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Cortisol Reactivity

A biological stress response in infants, heightened by maternal depression, which can affect emotional and physical health.

13
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Arousal Regulation (Schore, 2012; Field, 2010)

The process by which caregivers help infants modulate their emotional and physiological arousal, which is vital for emotional regulation.

14
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Alarm States in Infants

Hyperarousal or immobility in infants caused by failures in affective regulation, leading to stress responses like fight-or-flight.

15
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Defensive Adaptation (Tronick & Beeghly, 2011)

The emotional defense mechanisms infants develop in response to emotionally unavailable caregivers, leading to potential emotional disorganization.

16
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Winnicott's Disconnection of Psyche and Soma (1954)

A pathological state where the mind is disconnected from the body’s needs, often due to disruptions in the emotional relationship with caregivers.

17
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Mirror Self-Recognition

A developmental milestone where infants recognize themselves in a mirror, often associated with secure attachment.

18
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Attachment and Self-Recognition (Lewis et al., 1985)

Secure attachment in infants is linked to an increased ability to recognize themselves in mirrors, compared to insecurely attached infants.

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Changes in Adult Attachment Styles (Konrath et al., 2014)

Shifts in attachment behaviors in adults over time, possibly reflecting broader societal or developmental changes.