Unit 6 APHG Vocab Test- Brady

Urbanization

Refers to movement of people to towns/cities and the resulting expansion of the urban area.

Site

The actual physical qualities of a place that a city occupies that can influence origin, function, and growth.

Situation

Relative location of a city which can influence growth, origin, and function.

Megacity

a large city with over 10 million people

Meta-City

a large city with over 20 million people

Suburb

a residential area located on the periphery of a city

Suburban Sprawl

unrestricted suburban growth and development over large areas spreading out from a city in which cars provide the primary source of transportation

Edge City

A concentration of residential and economic activity located in the suburbs

Exurb

A residential area beyond the suburbs, often in more rural areas

Boomburb

Residential and economic area that is not the largest city, but is rapidly growing with a population of 100K+

World City

A city that functions as a service center for the world economy

Rank Size Rule

The idea that the population of all cities below the larges will be 1/n the size depending on their rank. The Nth largest will be 1/n the size of the largest

Primate city

A city that is over 2x larger than the other cities in the country.

Low Order Goods

goods that are easily replenished and are routine items

high order goods

goods that are specialized and not purchased as often

Threshold

Minimum number of people needed to support a business

Range

Maximum distance people will travel to purchase a good or service.

Gravity model

a model based on interaction of places used to predict movement of people

Bid Rent theory

The farther from a city you get, the less expensive the land is.

Burgess/Concentric city model

Five concentric rings around a CBD

Hoyt Sector Model

Wedges used to display different incomes.

Multiple Nuclei Model

Several nodes around a CBD

Galactic City Model

A central city with a large beltway around it with edge cities along it

Latin American City Model

Features a barbell (spine) down the center

Southeast Asian City Model

Shows Squatter areas and alien commercial zone (EEZ)

Sub-Saharan African City Model

Shows multiple CDBs- A colonial one, a traditional one, and a market zone.

Housing Discrimination

Discrimination in housing purchase or rental based on race, gender, ethnicity, age, etc.

Red-lining

Discriminatory banking practice of refusing loans in 'risky' neighborhoods, leading to decline

Blockbusting

Real estate technique to encourage low-price property sales by implying negative neighborhood changes

Affordable Housing

Residential units economical for those with income below median household income

Access to Services

Measure of people's ability to pay for services without financial hardship, e.g., health services

High Crime Rates

Contributing factors include lack of job availability, poor access to quality schools, and perceived lack of opportunity

Environmental Injustice

Disproportionate exposure of communities of color and the poor to pollution and its effects

Disamenity Zone

Area characterized by slums and homelessness, sometimes controlled by gangs or drug lords

Zones of Abandonment

Areas with lack of jobs, declining land values, and falling demand causing people to leave

Squatter Settlements

Residential areas of extreme poverty with little access to basic amenities, often outside cities

Land Tenure

System regulating rights to ownership, control, and usage of land

Urban Renewal

Redevelopment of areas within an urban area, typically in economic decline

Gentrification

Restoration of deteriorated urban areas by wealthier people, impacting existing residents

Inclusionary Zoning

Planning ordinances providing affordable housing to low to moderate income individuals

Local Food Movements

Production of food within a short distance of consumption, often with a different supply chain

Functional Fragmentation of Government

Dispersal of governmental institutions between different agencies, presenting challenges

Urban Sustainability

City's ability to meet present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet theirs

Suburban Sprawl

Uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into neighboring rural areas

Sanitation Needs

Requirements for clean and hygienic living conditions for urban residents

Ecological Footprint of Cities

Measure of the impact of human activities on the environment within urban areas

Sustainable Development

Meeting human development goals while sustaining natural systems providing resources

Zoning

Classifying land and identifying permitted activities, e.g., residential, industrial, commercial

Mixed Land Use

Development blending residential, commercial, cultural, institutional, and/or industrial uses

Walkability

Measure of how friendly an urban area is to walking

Transportation-Oriented Development

Land use pattern including a mix of commercial, residential, and office space near public transport

New Urbanism

Smart growth policy creating walkable, mixed land use neighborhoods with commercial and residential areas

Green Belt

Area of natural land with restricted building to curb outward expansion of a large urban area