231 Lecture Quiz 2

Wound Healing

1. Cut blood vessels bleed into the wound

2. Blood clot forms, and leukocytes clean wound

3. Blood vessels regrow, and granulation tissue forms

4. Epithelium regenerates, and connective tissue fibrosis occurs

Burns

Partial-thickness burns

• 1st Degree: Redness of the skin - epidermis only

• 2nd Degree: Blistering

Full-thickness burns

• 3rd Degree: Epidermis and dermis destroyed

Glandular tissue: Endocrine vs. Exocrine

Exocrine glands: secrete non-hormonal substances into a system of ducts to an internal organ or to the body’s surface

Endocrine glands: ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, where the blood carries the signaling molecules (hormones) to distant target cells in the body

• Hormones are signaling molecules that affect metabolic processes

Endocrine system vs. Nervous system

Endocrine system works with the Nervous system to maintain homeostasis

Endocrine system:

• direct (wired)

• fast (milliseconds)

Nervous system:

• indirect (wireless)

• slow (minutes → hours)

Hormones: Chemical Classes

1. Amino acid based hormones (quicker effect)

   • small amino acid derivatives

   • small peptides

   • large polypeptide chains

   • usually hydrophilic (allows them to dissolve freely in water-based blood plasma, eliminating the need for specialized transport protein and enables rapid, unhindered transportation from endocrine glands to target cells)

   • stored in vesicles

2. Steriods

   • cholesterol derivatives

   • hydrophobic (cannot travel freely, must bind to a water-soluble carrier protein)

   • made on demand

Free vs. bound hormone concentrations