Autonomic Nervous System

What nutrient cannot be used to for ATP production

nucleic acids

During glycolysis ___ ATP are used and ___ ATP are produced per glucose

2;4

What happens to the ketone bodies often generated during fatty acid catabolism

They are split into two molecules of acetyl-CoA and used in oxidative catabolism

How are amino acids produced by the body

An amino acid group is added to molecules such as oxaloacetate

Would you expect to find a high level of ketone bodies in the blood during the absorptive state

No, because glucose is already available

What is the main heat transfer mechanism between the environment and the body

radiation

Compounds and molecules that cannot be synthesized by the body and can only be obtained from the diet are called

essential nutrients.

The reactions above are __________

reactions.

catabolic

If two stable chemicals were to react, what kind of reaction would this be?

The reaction would be endergonic because it uses energy to react.

The reaction A + B + energy → AB is a(n)

__________.

anabolic reaction

ATP production by direct transfer of a phosphate group from a phosphate-containing molecule to ADP is called

__________.

substrate-level phosphorylation.

The sum of all biochemical reactions that take place in the human body at any given time is called

__________.

metabolism.

A substance that is oxidized

__________.

loses electrons

The sum of the body's chemical reactions is known

as:

metabolism.

The breakdown of carbohydrates into glucose in the body is classified

as:

catabolism.

Which of the following is NOT a nutrient monomer used by the body to generate

ATP?

nucleic acids

Protein catabolism results in

amino acids

In order to proceed, endergonic reactions require an input

of:

energy

Which of the following reactions releases

energy?

exergonic reactions

Substances that lose electrons are said to

be:

oxidized

When NAD+ is ________ it becomes

NADH.

reduced

The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain is

__________.

oxygen

Rank the steps to describe first the anaerobic and then the aerobic pathways pyruvate would take after glycolysis

Pyruvate is reduced, pyruvate moves into the mitochondria, acetate is oxidized

Rank the steps from first to last to describe the correct order of events of the citric acid cycle starting with acetyl-CoA entering the cycle

Citrate synthesis, first oxidation, ATP synthesis, Second oxidation

Chemical reactions that release energy are called                               reactions.

The end product of a metabolic pathway needs which of the following to be made in abundance?

Specific starting reactant or substrate

all enzymes present & functional.

Specific intermediates produced throughout the pathway.

Cellular respiration is:

exergonic & produces ATP.

Which of the following is the formula for cellular respiration?

O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ ⟶ H₂O + CO₂

NAD⁺ & FAD are:

coenzymes that can accept or give up electrons.

Which phase of cellular respiration takes the energy products & produces ATP?

Electron Transport Chain

Which of the following stages are part of anaerobic respiration?

1. Glycolysis

2. Lactic acid fermentation

In which phase of cellular respiration is glucose broken down into pyruvate?

Glycolysis

H⁺ is pumped into the intermembrane space for what purpose?

To fuel ATP synthase

In which phase of cellular respiration is glucose broken down into lactate?

Lactic acid fermentation

How much ATP is produced in the intermediate stage? Citric Acid Cycle?

0;2

The reactions above are ___ reactions

catabolic

If two stable chemicals were to react, what kind of reaction would this be?

The reaction would be endergonic because it uses energy to react.

The reaction A + B + energy → AB is a(n)

__________.

anabolic reaction

ATP production by direct transfer of a phosphate group from a phosphate-containing molecule to ADP is called

__________.

substrate-level phosphorylation

The sum of all biochemical reactions that take place in the human body at any given time is called

__________.

metabolism

A substance that is oxidized

__________.

loses electrons

The sum of the body's chemical reactions is known

as:

metabolism.

The breakdown of carbohydrates into glucose in the body is classified

as:

catabolism.

Which of the following is NOT a nutrient monomer used by the body to generate

ATP?

nucleic acids

Protein catabolism results

in:

amino acids.

In order to proceed, endergonic reactions require an input

of

energy.

Which of the following reactions releases

energy?

exergonic reactions

Substances that lose electrons are said to

be:

oxidized.

When NAD+ is ________ it becomes

NADH.

reduced

The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain is

__________.

oxygen

Rank steps describing the anaerobic and aerobic pathways pyruvate would take after glycolysis

Pyruvate is reduced to lactate and NADH is oxidized to NAD

Pyruvate moves into the mitochondria and loses a carbon atom

Acetate is oxidized by NAD and combined with coenzyme A