phases of cell cycle and essential parts of animal cell

interphase

resting period and longest phase

G1

period prior to DNA synthesis

synthesis phase

actual DNA synthesis

G2

after DNA synthesis and the cell is now ready to enter cell division

prophase

chromosomes thicken and become visible while the nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear

metaphase

chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate

anaphase

chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers and move towards the opposite poles

telophase

each chromatids from separated chromosomes become the chromatids of daughter cells, and the nuclear membrane and nucleolus reappear

cell membrane

regulates inflow and outflow of cytoplasmic substances

cellmembrane

aka plasma membrane

nucleus

contains genetic materials / DNA in chromosomes, RNA in nucleolus, nuclear sap and nuclear envelope

cytoplasm and its organelles

gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell

mitochondrion

powerhouse of cell for

kreb’s cycle, citric, tricarboxylic acid cycle

mitochondrion produces energy thru what cycle

lysosome and peroxisome

contains hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes, respectively for destroying foreign

peroxisome

specialized for carrying out oxidative reactions using molecular oxygen

lysosomes

enzyme capable of breaking down all types of biological polymers

rough endoplasmic reticulum

for protein synthesis

soft endoplasmic reticulum

for lipid, steroid and carbohydrate synthesis

ribosomes

freely suspended in the cytoplasm; protein synthesis for internal use

golgi apparatus

packages secretory products of RER and SER prior to release out of cell

centriole

paired organelle in the centrosome which migrate to opposite poles during mitosis and meiosis and served to organize and guide the mitotic spindles during cell division process