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What was the focus of the U.S. during the Spirit of Empire (1865-1890)?
Isolationism and concentration on domestic affairs.
What became a big obsession for entrepreneurs during this time?
New markets and resources.
What ideologies influenced U.S. expansion?
Darwinism, American exceptionalism, and the "White Man's Burden."
What was a key motivator for U.S. involvement in foreign conflicts?
War of principle.
What were Spain's key territories before the Spanish-American War?
Cuba and Puerto Rico.
What role did Yellow Journalism play in the Spanish-American War?
It exaggerated events, influencing public opinion and increasing newspaper sales.
Who were key figures in Yellow Journalism?
William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer.
What was the De Lome Letter?
A letter criticizing President McKinley, leading to public outrage.
What happened to the USS Maine?
It exploded in Havana Harbor, and Spain was blamed, fueling war sentiment.
What was the rallying cry after the USS Maine incident?
To hell with Spain, Remember the Maine!"
When did McKinley declare war on Spain?
April 1898.
What was the Teller Amendment?
It guaranteed Cuba's independence, preventing U.S. colonization.
How many U.S. soldiers died in the war?
5,500 total, with 400 in battle and the rest from disease.
What treaty ended the Spanish-American War?
Treaty of Paris (1898).
What did the Platt Amendment establish?
U.S. rights to intervene in Cuba and establish a naval base at Guantanamo Bay.
Who was the leader of Filipino guerrilla forces?
Emilio Aguinaldo
Who was appointed by McKinley to lead the Philippine Commission?
William Howard Taft.
When did the Philippines gain independence?
1946.
Who proposed the Open Door Policy?
John Hay in 1900.
What was its purpose?
To promote open and free trade with China.
What was the Boxer Rebellion?
An anti-foreign revolt in China that required U.S. military intervention.
What was Roosevelt's diplomacy style?
Big Stick" Diplomacy.
What year was the Panama Canal completed?
1914.
How much did the Panama Canal project cost?
2 billion
What was the Roosevelt Corollary?
An extension of the Monroe Doctrine allowing U.S. intervention in Latin America.
What were some economic motivations for U.S. expansionism in the late 19th century?
Access to new markets and raw materials to fuel industrial growth.
What was the significance of the Open Door Policy?
It aimed to ensure equal trade rights for all nations in China.
What was the impact of the Spanish-American War on U.S. international relations?
It marked the U.S. as a global power with overseas territories.
What ideology justifying imperialism suggested that it was a duty to civilize other nations?
The ideology known as the 'White Man's Burden'.
What event was a direct catalyst for the U.S. entry into the Spanish-American War?
The explosion of the USS Maine.
How did the Spanish-American War change the status of Puerto Rico?
Puerto Rico became a U.S. territory following the war.
What did the Treaty of Paris (1898) accomplish for the U.S.?
It ceded control of Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines to the U.S.
Who was the prominent figure advocating for the construction of the Panama Canal?
President Theodore Roosevelt.
What was an effect of the Boxer Rebellion?
It led to increased U.S. military presence in China to protect interests.
How did the Monroe Doctrine influence U.S. foreign policy?
It established opposition to European colonialism in the Americas.
What was the main goal of U.S. expansionism before World War I?
To establish overseas territories and influence global politics.
Which Hawaiian island was annexed by the U.S. in 1898?
Hawaii.
What was the significance of the Open Door Notes issued by John Hay?
They requested equal trading rights for all nations in China.
Which conflict marked the beginning of the U.S. as a world power?
The Spanish-American War.
What role did the Panama Canal play in U.S. imperialism?
It facilitated maritime trade and military movement between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
What was the significance of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine?
It allowed the U.S. to intervene in Latin American countries to maintain order.
How did the U.S. justify its interventions in Latin America?
By using the rationale of protecting American interests and stability.
What was the impact of the Platt Amendment on Cuba?
It restricted Cuba's sovereignty and allowed U.S. intervention.
Who was the U.S. military leader during the Spanish-American War?
General William Shafter.
What economic interests motivated U.S. actions in the Caribbean and Latin America?
Access to markets and resources for industrial growth.
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