Toward empire

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45 Terms

1
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What was the focus of the U.S. during the Spirit of Empire (1865-1890)?

Isolationism and concentration on domestic affairs.

2
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What became a big obsession for entrepreneurs during this time?

New markets and resources.

3
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What ideologies influenced U.S. expansion?

Darwinism, American exceptionalism, and the "White Man's Burden."

4
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What was a key motivator for U.S. involvement in foreign conflicts?

War of principle.

5
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What were Spain's key territories before the Spanish-American War?

Cuba and Puerto Rico.

6
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What role did Yellow Journalism play in the Spanish-American War?

It exaggerated events, influencing public opinion and increasing newspaper sales.

7
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Who were key figures in Yellow Journalism?

William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer.

8
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What was the De Lome Letter?

A letter criticizing President McKinley, leading to public outrage.

9
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What happened to the USS Maine?

It exploded in Havana Harbor, and Spain was blamed, fueling war sentiment.

10
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What was the rallying cry after the USS Maine incident?

To hell with Spain, Remember the Maine!"

11
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When did McKinley declare war on Spain?

April 1898.

12
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What was the Teller Amendment?

It guaranteed Cuba's independence, preventing U.S. colonization.

13
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How many U.S. soldiers died in the war?

5,500 total, with 400 in battle and the rest from disease.

14
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What treaty ended the Spanish-American War?

Treaty of Paris (1898).

15
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What did the Platt Amendment establish?

U.S. rights to intervene in Cuba and establish a naval base at Guantanamo Bay.

16
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Who was the leader of Filipino guerrilla forces?

Emilio Aguinaldo

17
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Who was appointed by McKinley to lead the Philippine Commission?

William Howard Taft.

18
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When did the Philippines gain independence?

1946.

19
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Who proposed the Open Door Policy?

John Hay in 1900.

20
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What was its purpose?

To promote open and free trade with China.

21
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What was the Boxer Rebellion?

An anti-foreign revolt in China that required U.S. military intervention.

22
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What was Roosevelt's diplomacy style?

Big Stick" Diplomacy.

23
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What year was the Panama Canal completed?

1914.

24
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How much did the Panama Canal project cost?

2 billion

25
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What was the Roosevelt Corollary?

An extension of the Monroe Doctrine allowing U.S. intervention in Latin America.

26
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What were some economic motivations for U.S. expansionism in the late 19th century?

Access to new markets and raw materials to fuel industrial growth.

27
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What was the significance of the Open Door Policy?

It aimed to ensure equal trade rights for all nations in China.

28
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What was the impact of the Spanish-American War on U.S. international relations?

It marked the U.S. as a global power with overseas territories.

29
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What ideology justifying imperialism suggested that it was a duty to civilize other nations?

The ideology known as the 'White Man's Burden'.

30
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What event was a direct catalyst for the U.S. entry into the Spanish-American War?

The explosion of the USS Maine.

31
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How did the Spanish-American War change the status of Puerto Rico?

Puerto Rico became a U.S. territory following the war.

32
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What did the Treaty of Paris (1898) accomplish for the U.S.?

It ceded control of Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines to the U.S.

33
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Who was the prominent figure advocating for the construction of the Panama Canal?

President Theodore Roosevelt.

34
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What was an effect of the Boxer Rebellion?

It led to increased U.S. military presence in China to protect interests.

35
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How did the Monroe Doctrine influence U.S. foreign policy?

It established opposition to European colonialism in the Americas.

36
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What was the main goal of U.S. expansionism before World War I?

To establish overseas territories and influence global politics.

37
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Which Hawaiian island was annexed by the U.S. in 1898?

Hawaii.

38
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What was the significance of the Open Door Notes issued by John Hay?

They requested equal trading rights for all nations in China.

39
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Which conflict marked the beginning of the U.S. as a world power?

The Spanish-American War.

40
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What role did the Panama Canal play in U.S. imperialism?

It facilitated maritime trade and military movement between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

41
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What was the significance of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine?

It allowed the U.S. to intervene in Latin American countries to maintain order.

42
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How did the U.S. justify its interventions in Latin America?

By using the rationale of protecting American interests and stability.

43
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What was the impact of the Platt Amendment on Cuba?

It restricted Cuba's sovereignty and allowed U.S. intervention.

44
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Who was the U.S. military leader during the Spanish-American War?

General William Shafter.

45
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What economic interests motivated U.S. actions in the Caribbean and Latin America?

Access to markets and resources for industrial growth.