Economic Crisis

Wall Street crash of 1929

The fall in stock prices that began in September 1929

Great Recession

The global economic downturn following the 2008 financial crisis

COVID-19 recession

An economic crisis that began in most countries in February 2020 due to lockdowns and precautions taken to combat COVID-19

Great Depression

The most severe economic recession in the 20th century

Stimulus programs

Financial measures announced by many countries to counter the effects of the recession

New Deal

A series of programs enacted by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt between 1933 and 1939 to address relief

Lehman Brothers collapse

The failure of the investment bank in September 2008 that triggered an international banking crisis and massive bailouts to prevent a collapse of the world financial system.

Unemployment benefits during COVID-19

State unemployment benefits awarded to laid-off employees

Impact of Brexit on UK economy

Increased trade barriers with the EU leading to higher costs

Panic sell-off

A rapid selling of assets triggered by a sudden drop in stock prices

Overproduction

A situation where the supply of goods exceeds demand

Over-indebtedness

The state of having too much debt

International trade decline during Great Depression

A drop of more than 50% in international trade as a consequence of the Great Depression.

GDP decline during Great Depression

A worldwide GDP fall by an estimated 15% between 1929 and 1932

Homelessness during Great Depression

The rise of shanty towns across the country as hundreds of thousands of Americans found themselves homeless due to economic hardships.

Drought during Great Depression

Persistent drought conditions in the agricultural heartland that exacerbated the economic crisis of the Great Depression.

Stock market loss

The significant drop in stock market values

Economic growth weakening post-Brexit

A slowdown in economic growth in the UK compared to EU peers as a result of Brexit-related changes.

Consumer demand decline

The decrease in consumer spending that occurred following the stock market crash of 1929

Banking industry crisis

The severe crisis in the banking sector following the 2008 financial crisis

3 Rs

Relief (for farmers

Cost of living crisis in the UK

The sharp and sustained rise in the cost of everyday essentials

UK consumer price increase (2021-2024)

Over the three-year period between May 2021 and May 2024

Dot-com bubble

A speculative bubble that resulted from the rapid expansion of new technologies in the late 1990s

Dow Jones fall after dot-com bubble

In the two years following the burst of the dot-com bubble

US inflation rate (2022)

In 2022

Subprime mortgage crisis

A financial crisis that occurred from 2007 to 2010

Adjustable rates in subprime loans

80% of subprime loans have adjustable rates

Housing crisis foreclosures (2008-2012)

From September 2008 to September 2012

Average UK house price (2024)

As of December 2024

UK house price increase (2014-2024)

Ten years ago

Average salary increase in the UK

Salaries in the UK increased by 37% on average over the same period.

Average deposit for first-time buyers in the UK (2024)

As of 2024

OECD countries by nominal government debt (2024)

The top five OECD countries by nominal government debt were: #1 United States: $33 trillion

Median US home price (2024)

The median US home price in 2024 was around $403

Monthly mortgage payment on average US home

The monthly mortgage payment on the average home is likely $2

Down payment for median-priced home

Most mortgages require a down payment (typically 10-20% of the home's price)

Affordability of down payment in the US

Only about 18% of Americans can afford the down payment required for a median-priced home.

Federal minimum wage in the USA

$7.25 per hour.

Annual earnings of a minimum wage worker

Around $15

Percentage of Americans making less than $20

000 a year

Top OECD country with highest government debt per capita

Japan: $90

Second OECD country with highest government debt per capita

United States: $80

Third OECD country with highest government debt per capita

Ireland: $70

Fourth OECD country with highest government debt per capita

France: $55

Fifth OECD country with highest government debt per capita

Italy: $50

UK economy growth compared to France and Germany

UK: +14.9%

Winter Fuel Payment in the UK

£200 to £300 for those born before 1958 to help pay heating bills for winter 2024 to 2025.

Keynesianism

An economic theory advocating for government intervention during economic downturns by increasing public spending and lowering taxes.

Average monthly rent in the UK

£1

Average monthly rent in the US

$1

Average monthly rent in California

$2

Average monthly rent in Kansas

$1

Average monthly rent in London in 2025

£2

Average rent for a studio in New York City

$3

Average rent for a one-bedroom apartment in New York City

$4

Labour government's home construction goal

1.5 million homes over the next five years

Amazon stock price drop during dot-com bubble

Fell from $107 to just $7.

Amazon stock price in 2025

$189.

Collapse of Lehman Brothers

Caused a worldwide economic crisis in 2008.

Longest fixed-rate mortgages offered in the UK

Typically 40 years

Impact of 50-year mortgages

Can reduce monthly payments but often leads to higher overall interest payments.

Downturn

Une phase de baisse.

Mortgage

Un emprunt immobilier.

Real estate

L'immobilier (secteur économique).

To go bankrupt

Faire faillite / banqueroute.

To be in the doldrums

Être en plein marasme.

To bail out a company

Renflouer une entreprise.

To take out a loan

Emprunter de l'argent à une banque.

Stimulus package

Un plan de relance.

To default on a loan

Ne pas rembourser un emprunt.

Shareholder / stockholder

Un actionnaire.