BISC305: Glycolysis and Citric Acid Cycle

Stage 1 Catabolism

enzymes break food polymers into monomer subunits

Stage 1 Catabolism Products

amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, glycerol

Stage 1 Catabolism Name

digestion

Stage 1 Catabolism Location

outside cells in intestine, specialized organelles called lysosomes

Stage 2 Catabolism

glucose split to form pyruvate

Stage 2 Catabolism Products

2 pyruvate per glucose, ATP and NADH

Stage 2 Catabolism Name

glycolysis

Stage 2 Catabolism Location

cytosol of cells

Stage 2.5 Catabolism

pyruvate moves to mitochondrial matrix and converted into CO2 and acetyl coA

Stage 3 Catabolism

acetyl group fully oxidized, electrons used in electron transport chain

Stage 3 Catabolism Products

NADH to ATP, CO2

Stage 3 Catabolism Name

citric acid cycle and electron transport chain

Stage 3 Catabolism Location

matrix and inner mitochondrial membrane

Glycolysis Step 1

glucose to glucose 6 phosphate, glucose is phosphorylated by ATP, prevents glucose from exiting cell

Glycolysis Step 2

glucose 6 phosphate to fructose 6 phosphate, reversible rearrangement of chemical structure moves an oxygen

Glycolysis Step 3

fructose 6 phosphate to fructose 1 6 bisphosphate, hydroxyl group phosphorylated by ATP

Glycolysis Step 4

fructose 1 6 bisphosphate to dihydroxyacetone and glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate, sugar is cleaved into two 3 carbon molecules

Glycolysis Step 5

dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate, conversion of one step 4 product to the other

Glycolysis Step 6

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate to 1 3 bisphosphoglycerate, oxidization of step 5 product and formation of one NADH, phosphorylation with free phosphate

Glycolysis Step 7

1 3 bisphosphoglycerate to 3 phosphoglycerate, phosphorylation of ADP to yield ATP

Glycolysis Step 8

3 phosphoglycerate to 2 phosphoglycerate, phosphate group is moved

Glycolysis Step 9

2 phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate, dehydration produces water molecule

Glycolysis Step 10

phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate, phosphorylation of ADP to yield ATP

Glycolysis Products

net 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 water

Citric Acid Cycle Step 1

acetyl coA and oxaloacetate to citrate, coA intermediate formed in reversible reaction before citrate formed with water addition

Citric Acid Cycle Step 2

citrate to isocitrate, isomerization involving removal and replacement of water

Citric Acid Cycle Step 3

isocitrate to alpha ketoglutarate, NADH forms when isocitrate is oxidized, CO2 is formed

Citric Acid Cycle Step 4

alpha ketoglutarate to succinyl coA, NADH and CO2 formed with creation of thioester bond

Citric Acid Cycle Step 5

succinyl coA to succinate, GDP is phosphorylated into GTP when coA is displaced

Citric Acid Cycle Step 6

succinate to fumarate, FADH2 forms with two hydrogens from succinate

Citric Acid Cycle Step 7

fumarate to malate, water addition helps enzyme catalyze reaction

Citric Acid Cycle Step 8

malate to oxaloacetate, NADH forms when hydroxyl is oxidized

Citric Acid Cycle Step 1 Enzyme

citrate synthase

Citric Acid Cycle Step 2 Enzyme

aconitase

Citric Acid Cycle Step 3 Enzyme

isocitrate dehydrogenase

Citric Acid Cycle Step 4 Enzyme

alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

Citric Acid Cycle Step 5 Enzyme

succinyl coA synthetase

Citric Acid Cycle Step 6 Enzyme

succinate dehydrogenase

Citric Acid Cycle Step 7 Enzyme

fumarase

Citric Acid Cycle Step 8 Enzyme

malate dehydrogenase

Glycolysis Step 1 Enzyme

hexokinase

Glycolysis Step 2 Enzyme

phosphoglucose isomerase

Glycolysis Step 3 Enzyme

phosphofructokinase

Glycolysis Step 4 Enzyme

aldolase

Glycolysis Step 5 Enzyme

triose phosphate isomerase

Glycolysis Step 6 Enzyme

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase

Glycolysis Step 7 Enzyme

phosphoglycerate kinase

Glycolysis Step 8 Enzyme

phosphoglycerate mutase

Glycolysis Step 9 Enzyme

enolase

Glycolysis Step 10 Enzyme

pyruvate kinase