Lesson 4: Spanish Period ONLY

Antonio Pigafetta

• Chronicler of Ferdinand Magellan's voyage.

• Recorded information on geography, climate, flora, fauna, and native inhabitants.

• Authored "Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo"

Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo

Report on the First Voyage around the World

Royal Audiencia of Manila

• Royal Tribunal

• Covers Philippines and China’s Archipelago & Mainland

• later expanded  to include Marianas, Palau, and other Pacific islands.

King Philipp II

promulgated the Royal Decree of creating the Royal Audencia of Manila on May 5, 1593

Encomiendas

• legal system by which the Spanish crown attempted to define the status of the indigenous population. 

• consisted of a grant by the crown to a conquistador, a soldier, an official, or others of a specified number of “Indios” (Native Americans and, later, Filipinos) living in a particular area.

• DOES NOT INCLUDE GRANT OF LAND

Encomienda (definition)

legally defined in 1503 from Spanish encomendar, “to entrust”

Encomendero

Receiver of the grant by the crown

• could exact tribute from the “Indios” in gold, in kind, or in labour and was required to protect them and instruct them in the Christian faith.

Some were natives and there were women 

Encomenderos in practice

gained control of lands inhabited by “Indios” and failed to fulfill their obligations to the indigenous population. 

Laws of Burgos (1512–13) and the New Law of the Indies (1542)

crown’s attempts to end the severe abuses of the Encomienda system but fails

Men of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

First encomiendas assigned to

Gov. Gen. Gomez Perez de Dasmariñas (1951)

• prepared a document detailing the number of encomiendas in the Philippines.

  • There were 31 royal encomiendas and 236 private encomiendas

Media Anata

taxes of the Encomenderos

third generation

Encomeindas can be inherited up to ____ After that it will be turned over to the government

Bishop Bartholome de las Casas

Protector of the Indians

Bishop Domingo de Salazar

was a champion of the oppressed natives against the cruelties of the Spanish encomenderos and colonial officials.

Polo y Servicios

sixty days in a year in their home province

forced labor system without compensation imposed upon the local population in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period.

Uprisings and Revolts

During the early years of the Spanish Rule revolts were sparked by native chieftains and religious leaders.

Early Spanish Rule Revolts

Resulted in loss of power, status, and influence

Loss of Power for Babaylans and Katalonans

Revolts and uprisings were more on a personal reasons

Personal Grievances Revolts

Lakan Dula and Sulayman (1574); Tamblot (1621-1622) and Bankaw (1622)

Conspiracy of 1587-1588

Led by Martin Panga and Agustin de Legaspi (relatives of Lakan Dula) Those who joined attempt to regain the freedom and lordship which their fathers had enjoyed before them. (Rulers of Tondo

Antonio Surabao's Role

informed the Spaniards of the plot. Leading to the arrest and execution of the leaders of the conspiracy. Others were exiled in Mexico

Visayan Revolt

In the Visayas; the local babaylan rallied hundreds of the Boholanos because they wanted to return to their native religion. A Spanish expedition from Cebu consisting of 50 Spaniards and 1

Bankaw's Uprising

Bankaw revolted because he wanted to return to his old religion. Another Spanish expedition from Cebu quelled the uprising

Dagohoy's Rebellion

1744- Dagohoy was angered because of the refusal of a Jesuit priest to give a Christian burial to his brother. After 85 years the Spaniards subdued the rebellion

Opposition to Spanish Impositions

Revolts in the countryside during the 17th and 18th century

Magalat

arbitrary and illegal collection of tribute in Cagayan (1596)

Sumuroy (Samar)

polistas from the Visayas to work in the shipyard in Cavite. It spread to other places: Cebu

Francisco Maniago

led the revolt in Pampanga in 1660. The Makabebes were used to quell the revolt

Andres Malong

led the revolt in Pangasinan. He proclaimed himself as a king.

Pedro Almazan

proclaimed by the people as the king of the Ilocos

Natives of the Binalatongan revolted.

They saw the weakness of the Spaniards when the British occupied the Philippines during Seven Years War.

Ilokos

anomalous collection of tributes and the excesses of the alcalde mayores led to the uprising of Diego Silang. (He offered his services to the British); Simon de Anda

Bishop Ustariz

issued an interdict against Silang. He asked the people not to support Silang.

Diego Silang

was killed by his fellow Ilokanos and his friend Pedro Becbec. Gabriela Silang (wife) and Nicolas Cariño (uncle) continued the revolt.

Religious Uprising

Resistance against conversion to Christianity

Ilongots Revolt (1601)

Revolt by Ilongots due to conversion attempts; opposed by Igorots

Cagayan Valley Uprising (1625)

Attempt to establish a new religion suppressed by native volunteers and Spaniards

Oton, Iloilo Incident (1663)

Incident in Oton, Iloilo where attempts to establish a new religion were thwarted

Apolinario dela Cruz (Hermano Puli)

Leader of Confradia de San Jose; refused admission by Dominicans

Confradia de San Jose

Religious group established by Apolinario dela Cruz in Tayabas

Murder of Provincial Governor (1841)

Dela Cruz and companions' action against provincial governor in 1841

1500s

Philippines’ role in the Spanish empire’s trading post for the Asian trade whose trade is under government monopoly.

1820s

the Philippines became pointless as a trading post

Mid 19th Century

the Philippine economy grew.