Summer Government Final

Liberty, democracy, and ____ are the United States' core political values.

A. Capitalism

B. Equality

C. Minority Rights

D. Responsibility

Equality

Personal and economic freedom are both definitions of...

A. Liberty

B. Capitalism

C. Equality

D. Minority Rights

Liberty

According to the textbook, the trend line of America's trust in the federal government...

A. rose during the 1970s and 1980s, but has declined since 1992.

B. has declined steadily since the early 1960s.

C. rose in the 1990s and peaked in 2002.

D. declined during Watergate but rose again during the 1980s.

rose in the 1990s and peaked in 2002

The 1960s marks the time when the United States became a...

A. participatory government

B. compound republic

C. full practicing democracy

D. egalitarian society

full practicing democracy

Efficacy is the...

A. process by which people receive their political beliefs

B. process by which people are satisfied in government

C. belief that citizens can affect the government

D. belief that elected officials cannot be persuaded

belief that citizens can affect the government

Because they understand how politics affects their lives, knowledgeable citizens tend to...

A. enjoy reading the newspaper

B. enjoy working for political campaigns

C. be more engaged in politics

D. earn higher wages

be more engaged in politics

A government is made up of the...

A. military industrial establishment

B. formal institutions that rule a people

C. political ideologies of elected officials

D. corporate structure of a nation

formal institutions that rule a people

Which of the following wanted to promote political participation in the middle classes?

A. presidents

B. bourgeoisie

C. proletariat

D. kings

bourgeoisie

Who gets what, when, and how is a definition of...

A. efficacy

B. deceit

C. partisanship

D. politics

politics

The _____ is known for being a republic.

A. Nation of Iran

B. Republic of China

C. United States

D. Catholic Church

United States

Direct democracy includes all of the following except for which?

A. popular initiatives

B. advise and consent

C. recall

D. ballot referenda

advise and consent

Generally, America's demographics have become ____ elderly and ____ young since the Founding.

A. more; less

B. more; more

C. less; more

D. less; less

more; less

_____ has declined in the last 50 years.

A. Republicanism

B. Trust in Government

C. Capitalism

D. Democracy

Trust in Government

A belief in equality of results is...

A. not a part of US political culture.

B. secondary to a belief total freedom in US political culture.

C. a major part of both US and European political cultures.

D. a major part of the US political culture.

not a part of US political culture

____ refers to a system in which the means of production and distribution are privately owned and operated for profit with minimal or no government interference.

A. Competitive capitalism

B. Bourgeois capitalism

C. Anti-capitalism

D. Laissez-faire capitalism

Laissez-faire capitalism

Protection from domestic or foreign threats is primarily the responsibility of...

A. the United Nations

B. international alliances

C. state governments

D. the federal government

the federal government

Compared to Europeans, Americans are ____ supportive of income distribution.

A. never

B. equally

C. more

D. less

less

The people are sovereign in a...

A. dictatorship

B. aristocracy

C. democracy

D. monarchy

democracy

Majority rule, minority rights and equality of opportunity are...

A. republican principles

B. authoritarian principles

C. monarchical principles

D. democratic principles

democratic principles

Liberals tend to believe that government should promote ____ and provide ____.

A. equality; social services

B. equality; tax breaks

C. freedom; tax breaks

D. freedom; social services

equality; social services

Totalitarianism entails government having unlimited political...

A. power

B. capital

C. equality

D. freedom

power

Political equality means that each citizen...

A. can donate money to political campaigns

B. receives a job

C. had opportunity

D. has one, and only one, vote

has one, and only one, vote

When members of the polity meet to discuss policy and make decisions, it is known as a...

A. direct democracy

B. indirect democracy

C. elite democracy

D. popular democracy

direct democracy

Representatives make decisions about public policy in...

A. an indirect democracy

B. a popular democracy

C. an elite democracy

D. a direct democracy

an indirect democracy

The total boycott of all British goods in the colonies came immediately after which event?

A. Boston Massacre

B. writing of the Federalist Papers

C. Washington's victory over British military forces

D. creation of the First Continental Congress

creation of the First Continental Congress

Personal income taxes...

A. poisoned the colonists' attitudes towards the king before the Revolution

B. are recent phenomena for governments, arising in the twentieth century

C. were the source of discord between the Federalists and the Antifederalists

D. were the main source of revenue for both the British before the Revolution and in the early states afterward

are recent phenomena for governments, arising in the twentieth century

The New England-based merchants and southern planters...

A. opposed different factions of Parliament

B. organized together in support of the taxes imposed by the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act

C. organized together in opposition to taxes imposed by the Stamp and Sugar Acts

D. were key rivals that comprise the Jeffersonians and Antifederalists, respectively

organized together in opposition to taxes imposed by the Stamp and Sugar Acts

The Articles of Confederation...

A. was written at the same point as the Declaration of Independence

B. preceded the US Constitution

C. came after the US Constitution

D. came before the Boston Tea Party

preceded the US Constitution

The executive leader or presiding officer specified by the Articles of Confederation...

A. was appointed by state legislatures

B. did not exist; the Articles specified no executive leader

C. was appointed by Congress

D. enjoyed the support of popular opinion

did not exist; the Articles specified no executive leader

Prior to the U.S. Constitution, the issues of trade, economic, and political disputes between the states...

A. were handled successfully by the Articles of Confederation

B. were created by European traders taking advantage of American weaknesses

C. stemmed directly from the inability of the central government to handle Shay's Rebellion

D. typified the weakness of the Articles of Confederation

typified the weakness of the Articles of Confederation

One key demonstration of the weakness of the Articles of Confederation was...

A. the ease with which it could be formally amended

B. the inability of Washington's Revolutionary War forces to win decisively against the British

C. the size and duration of Shays's Rebellion

D. its inability to regulate the rising economic growth during the boom period before the U.S. Constitution

the size and durations of Shays's Rebellion

Which of the following is false about the Three-Fifths Compromise?

A. Only three-fifths of slaves were allowed to vote in national elections.

B. It had nothing to do with the number of senators a state would possess for representation in the Senate.

C. The compromise created an acceptable middle ground between slave and free states.

D. Five slaves would count as three free persons when considering state's' representation in the House of Representatives.

Only three-fifths of slaves were allowed to vote in national elections.

Counting slaves as ____ for the purposes of census did not allow slaves to ____.

A. citizens; run for office

B. three-fifths of a person; vote

C. a nonslave; join the militia

D. persons; own property

three-fifths of a person; vote

Under the Great Compromise, the Senate...

A. could be overruled by the House of Representatives

B. became the arena for large states to dominate

C. differed dramatically from the representation patterns from the Articles of Confederation

D. was an arena where large and small states would compete on equal footing

was an arena where large and small states would compete of equal footing

Which of the following statements is false about the ratification of the U.S. Constitution?

A. The Federalist was a serialized pamphlet that fought against the ratification of the Constitution

B. The Antifederalists opposed the ratification of the U.S. Constitution

C. The struggle for ratification was carried out in each individual state

D. The Constitution was ratified in state legislatures

The Federalist was a serialized pamphlet that fought against the ratification of the Constitution

Controlling the negative impact of factions...

A. was a chief aim of the Antifederalists

B. was the central goal of the governments according to Madison in Federalist No. 10

C. provides a new government the ability to suppress the media

D. was the central theme of the Articles of Confederation

was the central goal of the governments according to Madison in Federalist No. 10

In general, the Federalists' future vision of the United States...

A. became the central plank in Jefferson's presidency

B. triumphed over the Antifederalist vision

C. saw a dominant role for state power and autonomy

D. shared a co-equal victory with the Antifederalists

triumphed over the Antifederalist vision

Antifederalists' concerns about the Constitution...

A. were that it did not go far enough to strengthen the central government

B. included a concern that the Constitution did not specifically enumerate civil liberties

C. were based on their opposition to the Bill of Rights

D. centered around their fears of another Shays's Rebellion

included a concern that the Constitution did not specifically enumerate civil liberties

The Bill of Rights mollified concerns about...

A. the weakness of government, exemplified by Shays's Rebellion

B. an overly powerful central government

C. blurring the political lines between the branches of government

D. conflict between branches of the federal government

an overly powerful central government

The process of amending the Constitution is _____, leading to a ______ proportion of proposed amendments succeeding.

A. easy; moderate

B. difficult; very small

C. easy; high

D. difficult; high

difficult; very small

Changing the structure or composition of the federal government...

A. has been the moving factor behind most of the post Bill of Rights amendments

B. was not done by any of the Amendments ratified after the founding

C. has been impossible due to Article V of the Constitution

D. has been largely unaddressed by the Constitutional amendments since the Bill of Rights

has been the moving factor behind most of the post Bill of Rights amendments

As a political value, individual liberty...

A. was coequal with equality and democracy when examining the Constitution at the founding

B. ranked behind equality in the minds of the Constitution's framers

C. was preeminent for the Constitution's authors

D. became less important once ratification became certain

was preeminent for the Constitution's authors

The elastic clause...

A. grants the president of the United States codependent legislative authority

B. gives the Supreme Court its own ability to adjudicate political issues

C. gives the president of the United States flexible war-making powers

D. gives Congress the ability to pass laws related to its expressed powers

gives Congress the ability to pass laws related to its expressed powers

The tool used by Congress to remove a president for abuse of power is...

A. legislation

B. appointment of an inspector general

C. litigation

D. impeachment

Impeachment

Inhibiting effective governance is a possible drawback of a government based upon which political principle?

A. pluralism

B. checks and balances

C. liberty

D. federalism

liberty

According to the text, liberty inevitably leads to the growth of...

A. civil rights versus checks and balances

B. political institutions and eminent domain

C. religious tolerance

D. political activity and the expansion of political participation

political activity and the expansion of political participation

In a federal system, power is distributed...

A. between state and national governments

B. between state and local governments

C. within the national government

D. within the state governments

between state and national governments

Most of the rules and regulations Americans face in their daily lives are set by...

A. regulatory commissions

B. the US Supreme Court

C. the federal government

D. state and local governments

state and local governments

The form of government that best describes the American system before the adoption of the Constitution we use today is...

A. unitary

B. confederal

C. Byzantine

D. federal

confederal

Which of the following best exemplifies a unitary system of government?

A. The national government selects the textbooks and curriculum for all schools.

B. The national government makes funding for schools dependent on test scores.

C. The national government gives vouchers to parents for use in private schools.

D. The national government establishes general guidelines for school policy.

The national government selects the textbooks and curriculum for all schools.

Specific powers provided to the national government in the US Constitution are called _____ powers.

A. reserved

B. expressed

C. defined

D. concurrent

expressed

The power to declare war is an example of which type of power?

A. reserved

B. implied

C. concurrent

D. expressed

expressed

Implied powers of the necessary and proper clause allows...

A. the national government to reserve powers for state governments

B. for judicial review

C. state governments to nullify national government laws

D. the national government to interpret its delegated powers expansively

the national government to interpret its delegated powers expansively

Under a system of dual federalism, the national and state governments are...

A. seen as distinct entities providing separate services.

B. entitled to declare other legislations void.

C. seen as distinct entities providing overlapping, occasionally redundant services to ensure that all citizens have access to necessary public goods.

D. equally subject to the decisions of state supreme courts.

seen as distinct entities providing separate services.

McCulloch v. Maryland is an important case because...

A. the Court announced that dual federalism did not conform to the farmers intent.

B. the Court interpreted the delegated powers of Congress broadly, creating the potential for increased national powers.

C. this case began the era of dual federalism.

D. the Court gave a very restricted definition of Congress's delegated powers, in keeping with the era of dual federalism.

the Court interpreted the delegated powers of Congress broadly, creating the potential for increased national powers.

The commerce clause of Article 1, Section 8 of the US Constitution affords Congress broad regulatory power over what?

A. intertribal trade between Native Americans

B. international commerce

C. intrastate commerce

D. interstate commerce

interstate commerce

Over which current issue has the "full faith and credit" clause become embroiled in controversy?

A. death penalty

B. medical marijuana

C. same-sex marriage

D. food safety

same-sex marriage

Which analogy best describes the federalism arrangement of the late 1930s?

A. marble cake federalism

B. picket fence federalism

C. cherry cobbler federalism

D. layer cake federalism

marble cake federalism

Gibbson v. Ogden in 1824 was important because it...

A. gave the national government significant new authority to regulate interstate commerce

B. established the principal of judicial review

C. established the principal of no fees on exports

D. declared that interstate commerce was to be regulated by state governments

gave the national government significant new authority to regulate interstate commerce

Block grants consist of federal aid to state or local governments that is...

A. to be spent within a specified policy area, though the receiving state or local government can decide how to spend within that area.

B. divided into discrete "blocks" of grants, each capped at 50 million.

C. to be spent on any policy area decided on by the state or local government.

D. contingent upon state or local endorsement of some contentious piece of federal legislation.

to be spent within a specified policy area, though the receiving state or local government can decide how to spend within that area.

New Federalism was generally characterized by...

A. granting state and local governments greater control of nationally funded programs.

B. the consolidation of block grants into categorical grants.

C. an expansion on the use of the unfunded mandate.

D. granting the national government greater control of state programs.

granting state and local governments greater control of nationally funded programs.

Which of the following best exemplifies the ability of the federal government to preempt a state?

A. welfare reform, which preempts states from giving benefits to some residents

B. federal regulations in which the cost is borne by the states

C. federal criminalization of marijuana, even when states or cities allow medicinal use

D. federal and state governments sharing the cost of a new highway

federal criminalization of marijuana, even when states or cities allow medicinal use

The Supreme Court ruling in the United States vs Lopez is important because...

A. it was the first time the court had ever used the 10th Amendment to limit the power of Congress.

B. it was the first time since the New Deal that the Supreme Court limited the power of Congress under the commerce clause.

C. the court found the line-item veto to be unconstitutional.

D. the Court found that citizens could not bring racial discrimination suits against state governments.

it was the first time since the New Deal that the Supreme Court limited the power of Congress under the commerce clause.

What is the purpose of the 10th Amendment?

A. to give each state constitutions the same protections as the federal constitution

B. to give the citizens of each state access to the federal court system

C. to establish the electoral college

D. to limit the powers of the central government by establishing reserved powers for states and individuals

to limit the powers of the central government by establishing reserved powers for states and individuals

What is an example of concurrent powers?

A. the responsibility of both the national and state governments to declare war

B. the responsibility of both the national and state governments to charter banks and corporations

C. the responsibility of both the national and state governments to ratify Amendments to the U.S. Constitution

D. the responsibility of both the national and state governments to print money

the responsibility of both the national and state governments to charter banks and corporations

Regulations or new conditions for receiving grants that impose costs on state and local governments for which they are not reimbursed by the national government is the definition of...

A. unfunded mandates

B. fiscal federalism

C. preemption

D. dual federalism

unfunded mandates

The exclusionary rule was established in which Supreme Court case?

A. Roe v. Wade

B. Miranda v. Arizona

C. Mapp v. Ohio

D. Dickinson v. United States

Mapp v. Ohio

Civil liberties are...

A. limitations on government action.

B. unwritten guarantees of individual liberty.

C. concerned with limiting democracy.

D. freedoms of expression.

limitations on government action.

_______________ liberties place restraints on how government is supposed to act, while ____________ liberties limits what the government has the power to do.

A. Substantive; private

B. Personal; procedural

C. Procedural; substantive

D. Individual; natural

Procedural; substantive

Selective incorporation...

A. determined that all the provisions of the Bill of Rights were made applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.

B. considers the provisions of the Bill of Rights one by one and selectively applies them as limits on the federal government through the Fourteenth Amendment.

C. determined that only the First Amendment was made applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.

D. considers the provisions of the Bill of Rights one by one and selectively applies them as limits on the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.

considers the provisions of the Bill of Rights one by one and selectively applies them as limits on the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.

The Bill of Rights consists of...

A. the Civil War Amendments.

B. the freedoms of speech, expression, and assembly.

C. all the rights protections in the U.S. Constitution.

D. the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution.

the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution

The idea of the separation of church and state is most closely associated with the...

A. equal protection clause.

B. establishment clause.

C. freedom of conscience clause.

D. necessary and proper clause.

establishment clause.

Which of the following is a component of the Lemon test?

A. determining whether the government has a compelling state interest

B. determining whether the government involvement meets the standards of rational basis review

C. determining whether governments can force Amish parents to send their children to high school

D. determining whether government involvement advances a particular religion

determining whether government involvement advances a particular religion

The free exercise clause protects...

A. individuals from undue government restrictions.

B. the ability to move from one state to another.

C. the right to bear arms.

D. the right to believe in and practice one's religion of choice.

the right to believe in and practice one's religion of choice.

The courts ________ allow the government to regulate the time, manner, and place of expression of an assembly, _____________ the content neutrality of the regulation.

A. do not; regardless of

B. do; conditional on

C. do; regardless of

D. do not; conditional on

do; conditional on

Speech accompanied by conduct can be regulated by the government to preserve public order is called...

A. conditional expression.

B. limited speech.

C. speech plus.

D. pure speech.

speech plus

Fighting words fall outside constitutional protection because they...

A. are said in haste.

B. directly incite violence.

C. offend listeners.

D. target minorities.

directly incite violence.

The Second Amendment concerns...

A. the rights of the criminally accused.

B. the right to counsel.

C. the right to bear arms.

D. searches and seizures.

the right to bear arms.

The Second Amendment right to bear arms was applied to the states via selective incorporation in...

A. Heller v. District of Columbia.

B. Brady v. National Rifle Association.

C. Lawrence v. Texas.

D. McDonald v. Chicago.

McDonald v. Chicago.

Due process of law is...

A. the right to a fair trial.

B. substantive justice.

C. only mentioned in the Fourteenth Amendment.

D. the right of every citizen against arbitrary government action.

the right of every citizen against arbitrary government action.

The Fifth Amendment protects against...

A. religious persecution.

B. double jeopardy.

C. unreasonable searches and seizures.

D. cruel and unusual punishment.

double jeopardy.

Eminent domain is the power of government to...

A. recognize new territories and states.

B. search an individual'\'s home with a warrant.

C. guarantee to citizens a republican form of government.

D. take private property for public use.

take private property for public use.

The concept of selective incorporation means that...

A. only some of the liberties in the Bill of Rights are applied to the states.

B. all civil liberties in the Bill of Rights apply only to the federal government and not to state governments.

C. amendments are added to the U.S. Constitution slowly over time.

D. only some civil liberties are granted to state governments.

only some of the liberties in the Bill of Rights are applied to the states.

The Eighth Amendment's prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment is most controversial in its application to...

A. assistance of counsel.

B. prosecuting those with mental disabilities.

C. the death penalty.

D. jail sentences for minors.

the death penalty.

The Supreme Court's decision in Roe v. Wade was based on the...

A. due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

B. First Amendment.

C. Fifth Amendment.

D. right to privacy.

right to privacy.

The Supreme Court ruled in Lawrence v. Texas that the right to privacy...

A. protects legal abortion.

B. does not cover the right to die.

C. limits the actions of social networking sites like Facebook.

D. extends to homosexuals.

extends to homosexuals.

The tension between liberty and national security is evident in...

A. protests against abortion.

B. the early history of the Bill of Rights.

C. debates over post-9/11 government actions.

D. discussions of the death penalty.

debates over post-9/11 government actions.

According to ____________, the average American exhibits little knowledge of political institutions, processes, or leaders.

A. recent studies by economists

B. the political parties

C. recent studies by political scientists

D. the Founding Fathers

recent studies by political scientists

Public opinion is the term used to denote the beliefs people have about all of the following except...

A. culture.

B. political issues.

C. events.

D. institutions.

culture.

Big government is ____________ considered a core U.S. value.

A. definitely

B. not

C. sometimes

D. often

not

Equality of opportunity is ____________ in the United States.

A. an example of market equality.

B. the most prominent type of equality.

C. not a prominent type of equality.

D. an example of output equality.

the most prominent type of equality.

The Internet and comedy television are the main sources of campaign news for...

A. Latino Americans.

B. younger Americans.

C. older Americans.

D. Asian Americans.

younger Americans.

Political socialization is the process through which...

A. political learning happens.

B. political beliefs and values are formed.

C. survey research is done.

D. public opinion is measured.

political beliefs and values are formed.

Political socialization includes all of the following except...

A. saying the Pledge of Allegiance.

B. attending church.

C. participating in mock elections.

D. participating in mock debates.

attending church.

The 9/11 attacks were a key political event that helped to promote...

A. patriotism.

B. American diversity.

C. a belief in big government.

D. a belief in war.

patriotism.

Family provides most people with their ____________ to politics.

A. initial orientation

B. final orientation

C. attraction

D. aversion

initial orientation

Family is the most influential agent of socialization in...

A. old age.

B. early childhood.

C. the womb.

D. adolescence.

early childhood.

If you prefer smaller government, you are probably a...

A. socialist.

B. liberal.

C. Democrat.

D. conservative.

conservative.

Political and voting differences between men and women are known as the...

A. gender gap.

B. ideological gap.

C. generational gap.

D. partisan gap.

gender gap.

If you consider yourself moderate, you are like...

A. most Democrats.

B. most Americans.

C. few Americans.

D. few Democrats.

most Americans.