Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

Flashcards on cardiovascular anatomy and physiology.

Superior Vena Cava

Deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium through this from the head, neck, shoulders, and arms.

Inferior Vena Cava

Deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium through this from the rest of the body.

Coronary Sinus and Great Cardiac Vein

Deoxygenated blood from the heart returns to the right atrium from this.

Atrioventricular Valves

Valves that separate the atria and the ventricles.

Cordite Tendoni

Fibrous strands that anchor the AV valves to the papillary muscles.

Tricuspid Valve

Another name for the right atrioventricular valve.

Mitral Valve or Bicuspid Valve

Other names for the left atrioventricular valve.

Diastole

When the atria squeeze blood into the ventricles

Stroke Volume

The amount of blood ejected with each cardiac cycle.

End Diastolic Volume

Volume of blood in the chamber at the end of diastole.

End Systolic Volume

Amount of blood remaining in the chamber after contraction.

Ejection Fraction

Stroke volume divided by the end diastolic volume.

Dichrotic Notch

Notch on the pressure graph that corresponds to the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves.

Coronary Arteries

Arteries that are the first branches off the aorta and supply the heart with freshly oxygenated blood.

Left Anterior Descending (LAD) and Circumflex Artery

Two major branches of the left coronary artery where most heart attacks occur.

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Term used when the heart cells die.

Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery

Artery that lies on the anterior surface of the heart, directly over the interventricular septum.

Circumflex Artery

Artery that curves around to the posterior of the ventricle, supplying the lateral side of the left side of the heart and the posterior surfaces.

Driving Pressure and Resistance to Flow

Two main principles that regulate coronary blood flow.

Autoregulation

The heart is regulated normally by this, to maintain diameter.

Working cells (mechanical contraction) and Electrical cells (transmit electrical impulses)

The two types of cardiac cells.

Contraction

If there is no electrical signal, then calcium cannot be released from cycloplasmic reticulum, which means there is no __.

Lusitropy

Muscle relaxation in the heart.

Creatine Phosphate

Storage form of ATP.

Creatine Kinase (CK)

Enzyme used to steal a phosphate bond from creatine phosphate and stick it onto an ADP to make ATP.

Potassium

Single most important ion for resting membrane potential.

Potassium goes down its concentration gradient.

What happens when potassium channels open up.

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

Hormone released when the atria are stretched.

B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)

Hormone released when the ventricles feel like they are being fluid overloaded.

Contractility

The amount of contractor proteins in the muscle cells.

Afterload

Resistance the left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood.