Energy is the ability to do work all living things need energy to function and it comes from food or sunlight

Kinetic Energy

Energy associated with the organized motion of objects.

Thermal Energy

Energy associated with the random motion of molecules.

Light Energy

Energy produced when atoms heat up and travel in waves.

Potential Energy

Energy that matter has due to its location or structure.

Chemical Energy

Potential energy available in a chemical reaction.

Thermodynamics

The study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe.

First Law of Thermodynamics

States that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed.

Entropy

The loss of energy to the environment during energy conversion.

Metabolism

All the chemical reactions in a cell.

Catabolic Pathways

Metabolic pathways that involve the release of energy by breaking down polymers into smaller molecules.

Anabolic Pathways

Metabolic pathways that use energy to build larger molecules from smaller ones.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell.

Glycolysis

The stage of cellular respiration that breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, producing a net gain of 2 ATP.

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

The stage of cellular respiration that processes pyruvate into carbon dioxide while producing high-energy carriers.

Electron Transport Chain

The final stage of cellular respiration that creates a large amount of ATP by transporting electrons along the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Photosynthesis

The process that uses light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to create glucose and oxygen.

Calvin Cycle

The part of photosynthesis that does not require light and converts carbon dioxide into glucose using products from light-dependent reactions.