FA Practical 2 Ligaments

Ligament to head of femur

transverse acetabular ligament to center of femoral head

important passageway for blood flow in young children and aids in further stabilization of femoral head in acetabulum in adults

Acetabular Labrum

ring around the acetabulum

deepens and stabilizes the hip joint by holding head of femur in by maintaining negative intra-articular pressure

Transverse acetabular ligament

bridges the gap that the labrum does not cover on the inferior lip of acetabulum

aids in deepening the socket and allowing greater stability

iliofemoral ligament

'y-ligament'

from superior anterior labrum to intertrochanteric line of femur

limits extension and ER

strongest ligament of hip

pubofemoral ligament

from anterior inferior lip of labrum to blend in with iliofemoral ligament

limits abduction, extension, and ER

ischiofemoral ligament

from posterior lip of labrum to base of greater trochanter

limits IR, extension and some adduction

medial meniscus

more oval/C shaped on the medial side of tibial plateau, also attaches to MCL

reduces compressive forces at the knee joint and help protect articular cartilage

lateral meniscus

circular shaped on lateral tibial plateau, attaches to lateral capsule and tendon of popliteus

reduces and distributes compressive forces at the knee joint

medial collateral ligament

medial epicondyle of femur to medial condyle and shaft of tibia

resists valgus forces, extension, and extreme ER

lateral collateral ligament

lateral epicondyle of femur to anterolateral fibular head

resists varus forces, extension, and extremes of axial rotation

ACL

posterior lateral femoral condyle to anterior intercondylar area of tibia

taut in extension

limits anterior translation of tibia on femur or posterior translation of femur on tibia

also limits hyperextension, axial rotation and extremes of varus and valgus stress

important for dynamic stability and proprioception of knee

PCL

posterior medial femoral condyle to posterior tibia

taut in flexion

limits posterior translation of tibia on femur and anterior translation of femur on tibia

limits axial rotation and extremes of varus & valgus stress

important for dynamic stability and proprioception of knee

Interosseous membrane for Tib/Fib

from tibia to fibula

provides added stability to the tibia fibular joint

distributes forces from the tibia to the fibula for equal dissipation across the knee and ankle joints

Anterior talofibular ligament

anterior aspect of lateral malleolus to anterolateral aspect of talus

limits inversion, adduction, and PF

Calcaneofibular ligament

lateral apex of lateral malleolus to lateral surface of calcaneus

limits pure inversion in DF

Posterior talofibular ligament

posterior medial side of lateral malleolus to lateral tubercle of talus

limits abduction, inversion, & PF

Spring ligament

anterior sustentaculum talus to medial plantar surface of navicular bone

stabilizes joint and supports the medial longitudinal arch of foot

Deltoid ligament

tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, & tibiotalar

apex of medial malleolus to just superior to navicular tuberosity, sustentaculum talus, and just anterior to tubercle of talus

all limit eversion

tibionavicular limits eversion & PF

tibiotalar limits eversio, abduction, & DF

Plantar plate

plantar surface of head of metatarsal to base of proximal phalanx

stabilize MTP joint and resist hyperextension of toes

provide passageway for flexor tendons

Dorsal digital expansion

tendons of extensor digitorum longus and brevis to dorsal bases of phalanges

prevent bowstringing of extensor tendons, allow smooth movement and provide mechanical advantage to extensors

also stabilize MTP, & IPs joints

Transverse metatarsal ligaments

blend with and join the adjacent plantar plates of all five metatarsophalangeal joints

help stabilize the MTP joints

help maintain the first ray in a similar plane as the lesser rays, thereby adapting the foot for propulsion and weight bearing rather than manipulation