NCC review test #4 Counseling Skills and Intervention

C. token economy

Explanation: The premise of a token economy is the use of symbols that represent positive and desired behavior. The use of the check marks on the chart, which are then 'traded' for the reward of free time, create an economy of exchanging good behavior for sought-after rewards.

To increase compliance in the residential program for adolescents, the counselors have decided to track attendance in the group room on a chart. Each time a client shows up on time and returns from break on time, they get a check on the chart. When the entire group consistently earns a week of checks, they earn 30 minutes of free time. This is an example of a ___________.

a. systematic desensitization

b. fixed economy

c. token economy

d. fixed ratio reward

b. transtheoretical model

Explanation: The Stages of Change model is a transtheoretical model. It holds roots in both person-centered and behavioral models. It is an empathic, supportive, yet directive counseling style providing conditions under which change can occur.

Which of the following BEST describes the theoretical orientation of the Stages of Change Model?

a. behavioral model

b. transtheoretical model

c. moral model

d. person-centered therapy model

b. social facilitation

Explanation: Social Facilitation is the enhancement or improvement of performance by the presence of others. If the groomers' performance had declined with others present, the correct answer would be social disruption.

Adeline works for a pet grooming service that has windows to allow the customers to see their pets being groomed. The owner of the company has a degree in psychology and stated to reporters that she had the windows installed because she knows that people who are watched often perform better than those who do not. This is an example of:

a. social influence

b. social facilitation

c. social conformity

d. social disruption

d. hubris

Explanation: Hubris or conceit is not a good characteristic of a group counselor. Group counseling is never about the "counselor" but it is about having an attitude of good will and caring towards each member of the group. A counselor who is present, allows him or herself to be touched by other people's pain, struggle or joys. Another characteristic of an effective group counselor is courage. A counselor must have the ability to be vulnerable and at times admit their short-comings and mistakes and be able to take the same emotional/behavioral risk that they expect their group members to in group sessions. An effective group counselor has to have a good and appropriate sense of humor and know when not to take themselves so seriously.

Which of the following is NOT an accepted personal characteristic of a group counselor?

a. Presence

b. Courage

c. Humor

d. Hubris

d. at the norming stage

Explanation: During the norming stage, as conflict dies, group members step up and share the function of leadership. The leader can assume more of a peripheral and less active role.

t which stages does leadership become shared by group participants?

a. At the forming stage

b. At the performing stage

c. At the storming stage

d. At the norming stage

C. Equal Access

Explanation: Economy of approach is one of the advantages of group work. Individual therapy can be costly but group work is more cost effective because several people can receive treatment at one time by one or two group leaders with the added benefit of community and a connection to others.

One advantage of group work is:

a. Elitism

b. Cultural Collectivity

c. Equal Access

d. Economy of Approach

b. autoplastic

Explanation: Autoplasty is the concept that the individual should change themselves in order to promote adjusting or "fitting in" with the host environment.

A freshman who is attending college away for the first time is expected to make an __________ transition in order to fit in and have a successful first year college experience.

a. alloplastic

b. autoplastic

c. individual

d. egocentric

a. The Pre-conscious, Conscious and Unconscious Mind

Explanation: According to Sigmund Freud, behavior and personality are derived from psychological forces in the mind that he separated into three categories, the preconscious, conscious and unconscious. All three areas of the mind represent three different levels of awareness. The preconscious is the part of the mind where our thoughts, memories and emotions that we are not aware of reside but can easily be brought into consciousness. The conscious part of the mind is the current state awareness where thoughts, memories, sensations and emotions are experienced at any given time. The unconscious part of the mind holds the thoughts emotions, memories and urges that the conscious mind is not aware of.

Sigmund Freud, the "father of psychoanalysis", believed that personality and behavior derived from:

a. The Pre-conscious, Conscious and Unconscious Mind

b. The Id, Ego, and Superego

c. Eros and Thanatos

d. Catharsis and Aggression

c. Zimbardo

Explanation: Phil Zimbardo's famous study of randomly assigning a group of students to be prisoners and another group to be guards didn't last as long as it was originally supposed to due to the undue distress by the students involved. Asch studied conformity; Milgram studied obedience to authority and Zajonc's research focused on cockroaches and the phenomenon of social facilitation.

This researcher's work is known as the Stanford Prison experiment.

a. Asch

b. Milgram

c. Zimbardo

d. Zajonc

b. Activity Theory

Explanation: Activity Theory is the best theory to promote because it highlights the positive correlation between Miguel, an older adult, and his ability to remain active and age gracefully. The idea of continuing to work past the age of 65 conflicts with the American tradition of the social withdrawal known as retirement. Activity theory also states that individuals who led active lives as young adults are more likely to have active lives as older adults and that people who were less active as young adults may withdraw and become more disengaged as they age.

Miguel is 64 years old, in good health and works full-time. Miguel has worked on his job for over 40 years. Miguel is eligible for retirement but he is afraid that if he stops working he will, "go downhill fast" and end up dying before his time like his father. Which theory would you promote?

a. Integrity vs Despair

b. Activity Theory

c. Self-Actualization

d. Social Learning Theory

a. Bibliotherapy

Explanation: Bibliotherapy is therapy using books as a tool for insight and change. Validation is a communication technique. Thought recordings are for use with cognitive behavioral therapy and self-soothing techniques are techniques used in DBT that involve the use of the senses to calm oneself down when feeling emotionally dysregulated.

You are seeing a couple who needs intensive counseling assistance. You ask them to buy John Gottman's book for use in and between sessions. This therapy technique is called:

a. Bibliotherapy

b. Validation

c. A thought recording

d. Self-soothing techniques

c. content and process

What are two contrasting elements of group dynamics

a. content and context

b. process and product

c. content and process

d. context and product

B. Concretenss

What is NOT one of the strengths or benefits of Rogerian counseling?

a. Acceptance

b. Concreteness

c. Opennenss

d. Versatality

b. 100,000

As of the 21st centrury, the number of certified and licensed counselors in the US is close to

a. 10,000

b. 100,000

c.1.00,000.

d. NONe of these

b. autocratic

Which of these is NOT a common role for a member of a therapy group?

a. Facilitative

b. Autocratic

c. Maintenance

d. Blocking

d. Millennials

baby boomer: 1946-1964

Baby busters or Generation X: 1965-1976

People born after the year 1976 in American are commonly referred to as

a. Baby Boomers

b. Baby Busters

c. Generation X

d. Millennials

Wilhelm Wundt

Who established the very first psychological laboratory in history?

a. Wilhelm Wundt

b. Sigmund Freud

c. Jesse Davis

d. Clifford Beers

c. 1976

When did the State of Virginia pass the first general practice counselor license law?

a. 1954

b. 1962

c. 1976

d. 1981

a. The drive to attach is learned.

Explanation: Bowlby believes the drive to attach is innate and separating the child from the parent creates fear and insecurity, leading to behaviors like crying, crawling and smiling that draws the attachment figure near again. Answer b, c, and d are true.

According to Bowlby, the following is false:

a. The drive to attach is learned.

b. There is only one primary caregiver with which a child attaches.

c. The long-term consequences of maternal deprivation include affectionless psychopathology.

d. The child's attachment leads to an internal working model.

d. consolidation

Explanation: Consolidation involves advances in career. Implementation involves completing training and entering employment. Crystallization involves forming a general vocational goal. Stabilization involves confirming choice through work experience.

Amy, a 48-year-old client that you have been assisting with career issues, shares the good news. She has been promoted to a Senior-level position! According to Super, she has accomplished which developmental task?

a. Implementation

b. Crystallization

c. Stabilization

d. Consolidation

c. Women base their morality on principles of caregiving and responsibility for self and others.

Explanation: Carol Gilligan suggested that Kohlberg's theory of moral development was less appropriate for women because men based their morality on principles of justice and individual rights, and women based their morality on principles of care-giving and responsibility for self and others.

Psychologist Carol Gilligan developed her theory of moral development specific to women because she felt Kohlberg's theory of moral development was less appropriate for females because:

a. At the time women were considered second class citizens.

b. The basis of men's morale principles has to do with masculine roles.

c. Women base their morality on principles of caregiving and responsibility for self and others.

d. Men base their moral principles on themselves and fail to include minorities.

a. tertiary circular reactions

Explanation: Piaget described several types of reactions in infancy and childhood. Pushing the buttons on the remote door opener to hear the horn is a tertiary circular reaction because it is intentional. If Adam were doing it by accident, it would be a secondary circular reaction, but because he is purposely pressing the buttons, it is a tertiary reaction.

You come home from work and put down your things. As you walk into the kitchen, you can hear your car door unlocking and relocking, with the 'beep' that indicates the doors are locked. You discover that your son Carson, who is 22 months old, has picked up your keys and is pressing the lock and unlock buttons on the remote, laughing every time the car horn beeps. You would say that your son is engaged in what Piaget referred to as ____.

a. tertiary circular reactions

b. secondary circular reactions

c. primary circular reactions

d. reflexes

d. marathon group

Explanation: This is a marathon group by its definition of lasting more than a few hours. A T-group is 12-15 members and has a focus on a specialized training. A therapy group typically has 6-8 people and is a formal and structured process. An encounter group can be from 8-200 members with a specified or open-ended format.

Nicole is involved in Alcoholics Anonymous. Every few months, she and her husband attend a couple's weekend within the program that runs from Friday evening through Sunday afternoon. This would be considered a:

a. T-group

b. Therapy group

c. Encounter group

d. Marathon group

b. clarifying

Explanation: Clarifying is used to clarify what a client is saying so as not to hinder communication moving forward.

The question, "Are you using this word to mean..." is an example of:

a. Exploring

b. Clarifying

c. Using a general lead

d. Reflecting

d. Gestalt Therapy

Explanation: The hot seat technique is a Gestalt approach aimed at improving the self-esteem of the group member by having the person sit in front of the group and handle confrontations by the Gestalt therapist.

The hot seat technique in group counseling is attributed to which theoretical approach?

a. Behavioral Therapy

b. Reality therapy

c. Psychodynamics

d. Gestalt Therapy

b. displacement

Explanation: Retroflection, Confluence, and Introjection are all Gestalt resistances. Displacement is a Freudian defense mechanism.

Which of the following is NOT a type of Gestalt resistance?

a. Retroflection

b. Displacement

c. Confluence

d. Introjection

d. both a and c

The probability level of 0.05 means:

a. That if you do the experiment 100 times, 95 of 100 times you will get the same results

b. 95% of the participants will benefit from the experiment

c. There is a 5% chance of the differences between the control and experimental groups being due to chance

d. Both a and c

c. sample population

Explanation: The sample population is the population or group of interest that the researchers want to study. A population is a group of people that researchers are testing the theory about or making assumption about. A sample is a representation of the population but just in a smaller size since it would be impossible to sample an entire population. The sample group is not as large as the entire population but still should be a pretty good representation of the group that the researchers are interested in studying.

Researchers want to study the effects of Hip Hop music on the attitude of urban male youths but need to identify a ____________________ before they can proceed with their research.

a. specific genre of Hip Hop music

b. duration of study

c. sample population

d. professional journal for article submission

b. Hypothesizes that there is no difference between the experimental group and control group

Explanation: A null hypothesis refutes any difference between an experimental and a control group. An experimental hypothesis hypothesizes a difference between the two (answer a).

A null hypothesis:

a. Hypothesizes a difference between the experimental group and the control group

b. Hypothesizes that there is no difference between the experimental group and control group

c. Is not a hypothesis

d. None of the above

a. Test reliability

A researcher is working with a group of "emotional eaters" to test a hypothesis that, "The subjects who incorporate daily meditation lose more weight than people who do not." The researchers had to order a brand new scale to measure subjects during the research because the old scale broke. Now the researchers are concerned about the accuracy of the new scale. The researchers are concerned about:

a. Test reliability

b. Correlation coefficients

c. Z- scores

d. Criterion-related validity

b. sensing/intuiting

explanation: This most closely resembles sensing/intuiting continuum as it is exploring fact and information. The Judging/perceiving continuum relates to structure. The introvert/extravert continuum relates to favorite world and social interactions. The thinking/feeling continuum explores the decision-making process.

"Do you like metaphors?" This question most closely coincides to which continuum of the MBTI?

a. Introvert/extravert

b. Sensing/intuiting

c. Thinking/feeling

d. Judging/perceiving