Physical Education- Health PE and Arts

Open Motor Skills

Performed in changing, unpredictable environments (e.g., soccer).

Closed Motor Skills

Performed in stable, predictable environments (e.g., gymnastics routine)

Locomotor Skills

Moving the body (walking, running, jumping).

Non-locomotor Skills

Moving without changing location (bending, twisting).

Manipulative Skills

Controlling objects (throwing, catching).

Cognitive Stage

Learning a new skill; movements are slow and inconsistent.

Associative Stage

Practice leads to smoother, more accurate movements.

Autonomous Stage

Skills become automatic and require little conscious effort.

Strength & Power

Needed for forceful and explosive movements.

Flexibility

Increases range of motion and reduces injury risk.

Speed & Agility

Improve quick movement and direction changes.

Endurance

Includes muscular endurance and cardiovascular endurance for sustained activity.

Coordination & Reaction Time

Improve movement control and response speed.

Fitness & Skill Level

Better fitness and practice improve movement efficiency and coordination.

Gender

Males generally have greater strength; females often have greater flexibility due to physiological differences.

Age

Motor skills improve through childhood and peak in early adulthood before gradually declining with age.

Body Types (Somatotypes)

1. Ectomorph

2. Mesomorph

3. Endomorph

Ectomorph

Lean, best for endurance.

Mesomorph

Muscular, suited for strength and power.

Endomorph

Larger build, suited for stability and power sports.

Biomechanics

studies how the body moves and the forces acting on it, helping improve performance, movement efficiency, and injury prevention.

Kinesiology

focuses on human movement by studying muscles, bones, and joints.

Newton's Laws of Motion

• First Law (Inertia)

• Second Law (Acceleration)

• Third Law (Action-Reaction)

First Law (Inertia)

Objects keep moving or stay still unless acted on by a force

Second Law (Acceleration)

More force produces greater acceleration

Third Law (Action- Reaction)

Every action has a an equal and opposite reaction

Force Production and Absorption

Applying force improves power; absorbing force properly reduces injuries.

Stability and Balance

A lower center of gravity and wider base of support improve balance and coordination.

Levers in the body: First Class

Fulcrum between effort and resistance (nodding the head)

Levers in the body: Second Class

Resistance between fulcrum and effort (standing on tiptoes)

Third-Class

Effort between fulcrum and resistance (bicep curl)