Acid-Base Equilibria and Titrations

What is the arrhenius definition of acids and bases? And what does it apply to?

Only applies to aqeous solution

What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases?

What is the Lewis definition of acids and bases?

The conjugate acid is……
The conjugate base is……

Base plus H⁺

Acid minus H⁺

What substance is both amphoteric and amphiprotic?

Water

Seven strong acids are…

What are the strong bases?

For binary acids, how is acidity measured?

Across a row and DOWN a column

For oxyacids how is acid strength measured?

Via the electronegativity of the central atom

Number of oxygen atoms

10³ = 1000 and this is equal to what?

log (1000) = 3

What happens to Ka when pKa decreases?

It increases, and so does acid strength which means pH DECREASES

What is a neutralization reaction?

Chemical reaction between acid and a base that produces a SALT and water

What is the neutralization formula?

How do you calculate normality?

What happens when salts dissolve in water?

They dissociate into ions

WHne salts dissolve in water, and dissociate into ions what can happen afterwards?

The ions can react with water in hydrolysis

What is a buffer?

A solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of an acid or base are added

What is the first way to make a buffer solution?

Weak acid + conjugate base

Weak base + conjugate acid

What is another way to make a buffer solution?

Weak acid and strong base in a 2:1 ratio

Weak base and strong acid in a 2:1 ratio

What is the henderson-hasselbalc equation used for?

To calculate the pH of a buffered system

What is the henderson-hasselbalch equation?

What is the equivalence point of a titration?

When the weak acid concentration is equal to the concentration of the conjugate base and the pH is equal to the pKa

When are buffers most effective?

Within plus or minus 1 of the pKa value

The unknown solution in a titration is called the….

Titrand and its in the erlenmeyer flask

The known solution in a titration is called the…

Titrant and its in a burette

Equivalence point in a titration is when….

When the number of moles of titrant added equals the number of moles of tirand present

What are polyprotic acids?

Acids that have multiple acidic protons

For a molecule like H₃PO₄ which is triprotic, what does it mean?

It has THREE pka values and THREE half-equivalence points

If a salt forms a basic anion, what happens if you add acid?

Solubility will increase

If a salt forms a acidic cation, what will happen is you remove acid and increase pH?

Solubility will increase

pk_a is = to?

-log [K_a]