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What are macromolecules?
Large molecules that are critically important to all living things.
What is the prefix 'Poly-' used for in macromolecules?
It indicates many or multiple.
What are monomers?
The basic building blocks of macromolecules.
What are polymers?
Large molecules formed by the joining of monomers.
What is dehydration synthesis?
A process where monomers join together to form polymers by removing water.
What is hydrolysis?
A process that breaks down polymers into monomers by adding water.
What are the four main types of macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids.
What are monosaccharides?
The simplest form of carbohydrates, serving as monomers.
What are disaccharides?
Carbohydrates formed by two monosaccharides.
What are polysaccharides?
Carbohydrates that are made up of long chains of monosaccharides.
What are triglycerides?
A type of lipid that consists of three fatty acids and glycerol.
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds.
What are phospholipids?
Lipids that make up cell membranes, consisting of two fatty acids and a phosphate group.
What are nucleotides?
The monomers that make up nucleic acids like DNA and RNA.
What are the functions of proteins?
They serve various functions including making up the fibers of muscles, structural support, transport, and catalysis of reactions.
What are examples of foods that contain carbohydrates?
Bread, pasta, rice, and fruits.
What are examples of foods that contain lipids?
Butter, oils, and avocados.
What are examples of foods that contain proteins?
Meat, beans, and dairy products.
What are examples of foods that contain nucleic acids?
All foods derived from living organisms, including fruits, vegetables, and meats.
What are the monomers of proteins?
amino acids
What elements make up carbohydrates
C, H, O
What elements make up Proteins?
CHON
What elements make up lipids?
C, H, O
What elements make up nucleic acids?
C, H, O, N, P
What are the functions of nucleic acids?
store and transmit genetic information
What are the components of a lipid molecule?
fatty acids and glycerol
What is an enzyme?
a protein that works as a catalyst