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27 Terms

1
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What are macromolecules?

Large molecules that are critically important to all living things.

2
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What is the prefix 'Poly-' used for in macromolecules?

It indicates many or multiple.

3
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What are monomers?

The basic building blocks of macromolecules.

4
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What are polymers?

Large molecules formed by the joining of monomers.

5
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What is dehydration synthesis?

A process where monomers join together to form polymers by removing water.

6
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What is hydrolysis?

A process that breaks down polymers into monomers by adding water.

7
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What are the four main types of macromolecules?

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids.

8
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What are monosaccharides?

The simplest form of carbohydrates, serving as monomers.

9
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What are disaccharides?

Carbohydrates formed by two monosaccharides.

10
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What are polysaccharides?

Carbohydrates that are made up of long chains of monosaccharides.

11
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What are triglycerides?

A type of lipid that consists of three fatty acids and glycerol.

12
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What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds.

13
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What are phospholipids?

Lipids that make up cell membranes, consisting of two fatty acids and a phosphate group.

14
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What are nucleotides?

The monomers that make up nucleic acids like DNA and RNA.

15
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What are the functions of proteins?

They serve various functions including making up the fibers of muscles, structural support, transport, and catalysis of reactions.

16
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What are examples of foods that contain carbohydrates?

Bread, pasta, rice, and fruits.

17
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What are examples of foods that contain lipids?

Butter, oils, and avocados.

18
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What are examples of foods that contain proteins?

Meat, beans, and dairy products.

19
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What are examples of foods that contain nucleic acids?

All foods derived from living organisms, including fruits, vegetables, and meats.

20
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What are the monomers of proteins?

amino acids

21
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What elements make up carbohydrates

C, H, O

22
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What elements make up Proteins?

CHON

23
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What elements make up lipids?

C, H, O

24
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What elements make up nucleic acids?

C, H, O, N, P

25
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What are the functions of nucleic acids?

store and transmit genetic information

26
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What are the components of a lipid molecule?

fatty acids and glycerol

27
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What is an enzyme?

a protein that works as a catalyst