Ancient Greece and Rome Quiz 2

Dark Age

c. 1100-750 B.C.

Aegean Bronze Age

c. 1000 B.C. — ?

Dark age

when was the decline of trade revived

alphabetic writing system

Phoenicians c. 1500-300 B.C.

Archaic age

c. 750-480 B.C.

Ionian cultural revival

Homer and Sappho

Homer

8th c. B.C. master of epic poetry

Sappho

d.c. 570 B.C. master of lyric poetry

Polis

body of citizens acting as a political unit

commonwealth

something held in common by the entire community

aristocracy/oligarchy

ruled by a few

democracy

ruled by many

agora and acropolis

2 main urban parts

agora

large central open space (where people lived and worked)

acropolis

high city on a hill that held the most significant buildings

patron diety

each Polis had a special diety located on Acropolis (temple)

hoplites

Greek armored soldier

phalanx

typical unit in military organization

Olympic games

776 B.C.

religious festival to Zeus

what did the Olympic Games start as

Sparta

5 c. B.C.

Sparta

greatest military power in Greece

Peloponnesus

southern greece

conquest of Messenia

c. 725 B.C.

Helots

enslaved people forced to labor so Spartans didn’t have to work

Helot Revolt

c. 650 B.C. slaves outnumbered their masters

Lycurgus

legendary figure; lawgiver that reorganized Spartan society

Spartan government

-mixed constitution

-kings

-gerousia

-apella

Kings

2; Spartan; not elected

Gerousia

dominant; oligarchy; few; 28

Apella

Spartan democracy; all male citizens 30+ (the voting body)

Peloponnesian League

-military alliance

-between Sparta and Polis

-made Sparta stronger

Athens

based on sea trade, cash crop farming, wealthy, education

cash crop

olive oil

Athenian government

-Aeropagus (oligarchy)

-Ecclesia democracy

Aeropagus

dominant, oligarchy; born into; based on wealth

Ecclesia

democracy; popular assembly vote; conflict to find compromise

Pisistratus

546-527 B.C.: ruler of Athens; did it by becoming a populist

Cleisthens

d.c. 500 B.C.

Cleisthens

most important figure; promised major democratic reforms which really permanately changed Athens—chosen by lot

Boule Reform

508 B.C.—council of 500 bureaucracy; chosen by lot each year; executive and financial body

Generals

10 elected each year; military leaders

Ecclesia

world’s first democracy

Ecclesia

-direct democracy

-given supreme power

-all adult male citizens

-formulations of policies

-originate policy and debated and voted

-speaker’s platform