Chapter 2 pt 1: MAPs and Single-Stimulus learning

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20 Terms

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Elicited Behavior

  • a behavior that occurs in response to a specific environmental stimulus

  • Ex. A stimulus that precedes a behavior and causes a response

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The reflex

  • the simplest form of elicited behavior

  • Involves 2 events: an eliciting stimulus and a linked response

  • Ex. Air puff into eye → blink…..loud noise → startle

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Simple reflex arc

Reflexes are governed by the connections in the nervous system

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Modal action patterns

Reflexive response sequences that are typical of a particular species

a complex, highly conserved pattern of behaviors that are shared between all members of a species. These behaviors are innate, meaning they can be performed instinctually and without having been previously learned.

Also called species-typical behaviors

Ex. Stroke a baby’s cheek → turns head

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Sign stimulus

The few essentials features that must be present to elicit a reflex or modal action pattern

Also called releasing stimulus

What is the minimal amount needed to trigger stimulus?

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Supernormal stimulus

A sign stimulus with exaggerated features to elicit a vigorous reflexive response

Ex. People with a lot of paint on bodies wants to grab peoples attention

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Does an elicited response, particularly a simple reflexive response, automatically occur the same way each time a eliciting stimulus is presented?

NO!!!!

Behavior is not invariant and can be modified…Habituation and Senitization

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Habituation

A decrease in response magnitude with each successive stimulus presentation

Getting used to stimulus being present

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Sensitization

An increase or high level of response magnitude is maintained with each successive stimulus presentation

The magnitude of the response increases or reminds high with each successive stimulus presentation

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Dishabituation

Release from habituated responding after a distracting stimulus

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Opponent Process Theory

  • Solomon and Corbit

  • Wanted to explain why our emotional responses change over time, even though the eliciting stimulus remains constant

  • The more we face our fear, the less we are afraid

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Standard patten of affective dynamics

A theory designed to explain how our emotional reactions change with experience

  • Ex. First time skydiving: feel intense fear during jump, then relief/euphoria after landing

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Dual process theory

  • groves and Thompson

  • Habituation and senitization occur in separate neural systems

  • Habituation occurs in the neural pathway

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Sensory adaptation

Ex. Eyes becoming more sensation to the light after being in the dark

Ex. Ears adapt to loud noise at a concert

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Spontaneous recovery, dishabituation, and habituation in stimulus specific

3 things that show us it is not adaptation or motor fatigue, but it is our brain learning

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A process

Stays the same, only changes with stimulus intensity

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B process

Changes with experience, gets larger, which means the B process is the learning component

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Dual process two systems

Habituation and state systems

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Habituation system

Occurs in the neural pathway

Ex. The more you hear the loud noise, the less neurotransmitter are received to make you startle

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State system

Overall level of arousal