Adolescent Pregnancy and Nutrition & Government Programs

Flashcards covering adolescent pregnancy nutrition, risk factors, nutrient requirements, toxicities, and Philippine government health programs and legislation.

Adolescent Pregnancy

Pregnancy occurring among adolescents aged 10–19 years, presenting major health and social concerns as the mother may still be growing while supporting fetal and placental development.

Global Adolescent Birth Rate (15–19 years)

Approximately 12 million girls aged 15–19 give birth each year worldwide, with pregnancy and childbirth complications remaining a leading cause of death in this age group.

Philippine Adolescent Pregnancy Statistics (2024)

In 2024, there were 138,697 total mothers aged 10 to 19 in the Philippines, consisting of 135,085 aged 15–19 and 3,612 aged 10–14 (increased from 2,411 in 2019 and 3,343 in 2023).

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

A severe pregnancy-related condition characterized by persistent vomiting, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, weight loss, and nutrient deficiencies.

Pica

The persistent eating of non-food substances during pregnancy, which may be associated with iron deficiency and requires medical assessment.

Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR)

A condition where the fetus has not reached its expected growth potential, caused by factors such as poor maternal nutrition, infections, placental problems, smoking, alcohol, severe anemia, or inadequate prenatal care.

PDRI Energy Recommendation for Pregnancy

According to the Philippine Dietary Reference Intakes (PDRI), an additional 300 kcal/day is recommended during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.

PDRI Protein Recommendation for Pregnancy

The Philippine Dietary Reference Intakes (PDRI) recommends an additional 25g of protein per day during pregnancy to support fetal, placental, uterine, and mammary tissue growth.

Folate

An essential nutrient required for DNA synthesis, fetal growth, red blood cell formation, and the prevention of neural tube defects like spina bifida.

Iron (Fe)

A mineral essential for maternal red blood cell expansion, fetal and placental development, replacement of iron losses, and prevention of iron-deficiency anemia.

Iodine

A element required to produce thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, neurologic development, temperature regulation, and reproductive function.

Zinc

A mineral that supports cell division, DNA and protein synthesis, cell differentiation, fetal growth, immune function, and tissue repair; low status is associated with low birth weight.

Vitamin A Toxicity in Pregnancy

Adverse fetal outcomes resulting from excessive vitamin A supplementation, including microcephaly, hydrocephalus, and spontaneous abortion.

Vitamin D Toxicity in Pregnancy

An adverse condition resulting from excessive vitamin D intake that causes hypercalcemia.

Iodine Toxicity in Pregnancy

An adverse condition caused by excessive iodine intake that can lead to congenital goiter.

Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition (PPAN) 2023–2028

The current national framework led and coordinated by the National Nutrition Council to address hunger and all forms of malnutrition in the Philippines.

DOH Administrative Order No. 2013-0013

Department of Health policy setting national guidelines to deliver quality, youth-friendly health services for Filipino adolescents aged 10 to 19.

National Nutrition Promotion for Behavior Change

A nutrition-specific program under PPAN 2023–2028 using behavior-change communication (e.g., counseling, mass media, Pinggang Pinoy talks) across schools, communities, and workplaces.

Nutrition in Emergencies (NIE)

A PPAN 2023–2028 program designed to protect nutrition during disasters and crises through nutrition assessments, IYCF support, and acute malnutrition management.

Overweight and Obesity Management and Prevention

A PPAN 2023–2028 program addressing overweight and obesity as forms of malnutrition by promoting healthy lifestyles, healthy food environments, and weight-management guidance.

Adolescent Health and Development Program (AHDP)

A DOH program based on AO No. 2013-0013 targeting adolescents aged 10–19 years by providing accessible, respectful, confidential, and nonjudgmental health services.

Republic Act No. 11148

Also known as the Kalusugan at Nutrisyon ng Mag-Nanay Act, this law strengthens maternal, newborn, child health, and nutrition services, particularly during the first 1,000 days of life.