HGAP Unit 2

aging population

a population in which the percentage that is age 65 and older is increasing relative to other age groups

Ecumene

The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.

Ehrlich theory

explosive population growth

eugenic population policies

Government policies designed to favor one racial sector over others

family planning

Providing information and services to help people choose the number and spacing of children they want to have.

agricultural population density

Ratio of the total number of farmers to the amount of land suitable for agriculture

Anti-Natalist Population Policies

Government policies concerned with limiting population growth.

arable land

land suitable for growing crops

Arithmetic Population Density

the population of a country divided by its total land area

asylum seeker

Type of refugee who is attempting to gain legal status, protection, and entry into a new country.

Boserup Theory

Population growth stimulates intensification in agricultural development- opposite of Malthus theory.

carrying capacity

Largest number of individuals of a population that an environment can support

cartogram

a map on which statistical information is shown in diagrammatic form - distorts shape/size to show compare data

census

the official count of a population

chain migration

pattern of migration that develops when migrants move along and through kinship links

contraception

Intentionally preventing pregnancy from occurring

counterurbanization

Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.

CBR

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

CDR

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

Cyclic movement

Movement - for example, nomadic migration, migrant farmers - that has closed route and is repeated annually or seasonally

DTM

A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time.

Demography

The scientific study of population characteristics and changes.

Dependency ratio

The number of people under age 15 and over age 65 compared to the number of people active in the labor force

doubling time

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

emigration

migration of individuals out of an area

ETM

A model highlighting the distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

Forced migration

Human migration flows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate, often compelled by cultural factors

GDP

Gross Domestic Product- the total market value of all final goods and services produced annually in an economy

newly developing country

a nation whose GDP per capita and other measures of well-being fall well below the world average but that is beginning to be engaged in industrial and other developments

primary economic activity

economic activity concerned with the direct extraction of natural resources from the environment-- such as mining, fishing, lumbering, and especially agriculture

secondary economic activity

economic activity involving the processing of raw materials and their transformation into finished industrial products; the manufacturing sector; construction

tertiary economic activity

Economic activity associated with the provision of services - such as transportation, medical, retail, small business, banking/finance, education, public service, and routine office-based jobs.

quaternary economic activity

highly technical and creative fields such as scientific research, technological innovations