chem 2

groups

vertical columns of the periodic table.

periods

horizontal rows in the periodic table.

representative elements

groups 1-2, and 13-18

transition elements

groups 3-12

metals

Elements that are shiny and are good conductors of heat and electricity.

alkali metals

very chemically reactive and group 1

alkaline earth metals

highly reactive and group 2

transition metals

elements that form a bridge between the elements on the left and right sides of the periodic table.

inner transition metals

the lanthanide series and actinide series. elements at the bottom of the periodic table.

nonmetals

these elements are gases or brittle, poor conductors of heat and electricity

halogens

these nonmetals are highly unstable and are extremely reactive. group 17

noble gases

extremely unreactive group of nonmetals. group 18

metalloids

share the same physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals. silicon and germanium are the most important.

ion

an atom, radical, or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge.

ionization energy

the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

electronegativity

the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in the formation of an ionic bond.

octet rule

atoms will gain, share, or give up electrons to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas. meaning 8 valence electrons.

periodic law

when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number there occurs a periodic repetition of physical and chemical properties

actinide series

located at bottom at periodic table and in inner transition metals. 5f

lanthanide series

located at bottom at periodic table and in inner transition metals. 4f