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ranch

a very large farm where cattle or other livestock are raised (trang trại lớn)

baiting

the practice of placing poisoned bait to kill or control animals (đánh bả)

bane

something that causes continual trouble, misery, or annoyance (điều gây phiền toái)

roam

to move around freely over a large area (đi lang thang)

throughout the ensuing millennia

during all the thousands of years that followed (trong suốt những thiên niên kỷ tiếp theo)

sustained efforts

continuous and persistent attempts over a long period (những nỗ lực bền bỉ)

feral

living in a wild state (hoang dã)

mammal

a warm-blooded animal that feeds its young with milk (động vật có vú)

abundance

a very large quantity or supply of something (sự dồi dào, phong phú)

dwindling

gradually becoming smaller in number or amount (suy giảm dần)

arid

extremely dry, with little rainfall (khô cằn, khô hạn)

lessen

to reduce or make something smaller or less severe (làm giảm)

predominate

to be the most common, numerous, or influential (chiếm ưu thế)

calf

a young cow or bull (bê con)

counter-productive

having the opposite effect from what was intended (phản tác dụng)

solitary

living or acting alone rather than in a group (sống đơn độc)

go after

to pursue, hunt, or try to obtain something (săn đuổi, nhắm tới)

assertion

a statement that someone strongly believes to be true (lời khẳng định)

get through to

to make someone understand or accept an idea (khiến ai hiểu được, thuyết phục được)

prescription

a fixed solution, recommendation, or course of action (phương án, giải pháp)

be laced with

to contain a harmful substance mixed into something (được tẩm/trộn với chất độc, chất gây hại)

predator

an animal that hunts and eats other animals (động vật săn mồi)

livelihoods

the means by which people earn a living (= income) (kế sinh nhai, thu nhập)

prey on

to hunt and feed on another animal (săn bắt, ăn thịt)

descendant

an animal or person that comes from an earlier ancestor (hậu duệ, con cháu)

unleash

to release or introduce something so that it can spread freely (thả ra, đưa vào môi trường)

reproduce

to produce offspring; to breed (sinh sản)

territory

an area occupied and defended by an animal or group (lãnh thổ)

fertile

capable of producing offspring (có khả năng sinh sản)

if any

perhaps none; very few at most (nếu có thì cũng rất ít)

desolate

empty, remote, and lacking people or activity (hoang vắng, hẻo lánh)

fence

a barrier built to separate areas or keep animals in/out (hàng rào)

staple

main or regular (chủ yếu)

loosen

to make less strict or less severe (nới lỏng)

rival

a competitor or opposing species (đối thủ, loài cạnh tranh)

dominate

to become the most powerful or influential (chiếm ưu thế, thống trị)

reference

a mention of something (sự đề cập đến)

non-native

not originally from a particular area; introduced from elsewhere (ngoại lai, không phải bản địa)

feed on

to eat as a source of food (ăn, sống nhờ vào)

resort to

to do something because no better option is available (đành phải, dùng đến như biện pháp cuối cùng)

put sth at risk

to expose something to danger or possible loss (gây rủi ro cho)

vineyard (n)

Land where grapes are grown for wine (vườn nho)

shriek (n)

A loud, high-pitched sound (tiếng rít chói tai)

slowly but surely

Gradually but steadily and reliably (chậm mà chắc)

the woods

A forested area (rừng)

chateau fort (n)

A fortified castle (pháo đài)

verify (v)

To check and confirm the truth (xác minh)

brainchild (n)

An original idea created by one person (đứa con tinh thần)

draw up a plan

To prepare or design a plan (lập kế hoạch)

early on

At an early stage (ngay từ đầu)

backbreaking (adj)

Extremely physically demanding (nặng nhọc)

tedious (adj)

Long, repetitive, and boring (tẻ nhạt)

painstaking (adj)

Done with great care and effort (tỉ mỉ, công phu)

craftspeople (n)

Skilled manual workers (thợ thủ công)

learn on the job

Learn while working (học trong quá trình làm việc)

superstitious (adj)

Believing in irrational traditions (mê tín)

committee (n)

A group responsible for decisions (ủy ban)

unanimity (n)

Complete agreement (sự nhất trí)

downshift (v)

To move to a less demanding job or pace (chuyển sang công việc nhẹ nhàng hơn)

as the need arises

When necessary (khi cần thiết)

remit (n)

Official responsibility or duty (phạm vi trách nhiệm)

concentrated in urban areas

Located mainly in cities rather than being spread across regions (tập trung ở thành thị)

retain the freedom

Continue to have the right or ability to do something (giữ quyền tự do)

career prospects

Opportunities for future career advancement and success (triển vọng nghề nghiệp)

alleviate staffing shortages

Reduce the lack of workers or professionals (giảm bớt tình trạng thiếu nhân lực)

distribute evenly

Share or spread fairly among people or places (phân bổ đồng đều)

accelerate (v)

To make something happen faster (đẩy nhanh, thúc đẩy)

hands-on practice

Practical experience gained by doing something directly (thực hành)

acquire experience

Gain knowledge or skills through work or practice (tích lũy kinh nghiệm)

guarantee (v)

To ensure that something will definitely happen or exist (bảo đảm)

against one’s wishes

Contrary to what someone wants or prefers (trái với mong muốn của ai đó)

underfunded (adj)

Not receiving enough financial support (thiếu kinh phí)

materialise (v)

To actually happen or become real (trở thành hiện thực)

mentoring (n)

Guidance and support provided by a more experienced person (sự cố vấn)

uniform (adj)

The same in all cases; not varying according to circumstances (đồng nhất, nhất quán)

health-related constraint

A limitation caused by a person’s health condition (hạn chế liên quan đến sức khỏe)

impose significant hardships on

Cause serious difficulties for someone (gây ra những khó khăn đáng kể cho)

be committed to

Be dedicated and willing to work hard for something (tận tâm với)

mandatory (adj)

Required by rules or law; not optional (bắt buộc)

financial incentives

Monetary benefits offered to encourage certain behaviour (khuyến khích bằng tiền)

underserved communities

Communities that lack adequate access to important services (cộng đồng thiếu dịch vụ thiết yếu)

crustacean (n)

A type of animal with a hard outer shell, such as crabs, lobsters, and shrimp (động vật giáp xác)

spine (n)

A long, sharp, pointed structure used for protection or support (gai; gai nhọn)

abdominal (adj)

Relating to the abdomen (the belly or lower part of the body) (thuộc phần bụng)

limb (n)

An arm, leg, or similar body part used for movement (chi; tay hoặc chân)

intimidating (adj)

Looking frightening or making people feel afraid, though not necessarily dangerous (đáng sợ; gây e ngại)

sting (v)

To injure someone or something with a sharp pointed organ that injects venom (đốt; chích)

right oneself

To return to the normal upright position after being turned over (lật/ngẩng lại đúng tư thế)

fluid (n)

A substance, such as a liquid or gas, that can flow (chất lỏng)

exterior (n)

The outside surface or outer part of something (bề ngoài; mặt ngoài)

antibiotic (n)

A medicine or substance that kills or stops the growth of bacteria (kháng sinh)

converge (v)

To move toward the same place or come together (hội tụ; tập trung về một điểm)

breeding (n)

The process of producing offspring; reproduction (sinh sản)

frenzy (n)

A state of wild, excited, and uncontrolled activity (cơn cuồng nhiệt; trạng thái điên cuồng)

vigorously (adv)

In a very energetic, forceful, or active way (mạnh mẽ; hăng hái)

shallow (adj)

Not deep (nông)

shed (v)

To lose or cast off naturally (e.g. skin, leaves, shells) (lột bỏ; rụng; thay)

exoskeleton (n)

A hard outer shell that supports and protects an animal’s body (bộ xương ngoài; lớp vỏ cứng bên ngoài)

abundance (n)

A very large quantity; more than enough (sự dồi dào; số lượng lớn)

well documented (adj)

Supported by plenty of reliable evidence or records (được ghi chép đầy đủ; có nhiều bằng chứng)