CAP Learn to Lead Drill - Wrights Brothers Test

Cadence (definition)

The uniform step and rhythm in marching — the number of steps marched per minute

Quick time

100 to 120 steps per minute, 24 inches in length

Double time

180 steps per minute, 30 inches in length

Slow time

60 steps per minute, used in funeral ceremonies

Mark time rate

Marching in place at 100 to 120 steps per minute

Adjutant's cadence

140 steps per minute

Pace

A step of 24 inches — the length of a full step in quick time

Step

The distance measured from heel to heel between the feet while marching

Element

The smallest drill unit — at least 3, usually 8 to 12 cadets, with one element leader

Flight

At least two, but not more than four, elements

Rank

A single line of cadets placed side by side

File

A single column of cadets placed one behind the other

In line

A formation with the guide and element leaders on the extreme right flank of each rank

In column

A formation with the guide and element leaders to the front of each file

Inverted line

Guide and element leaders on the extreme LEFT flank of each rank

Inverted column

Guide and element leaders to the REAR of each file

Interval

The space between individuals side by side

Normal interval

An arm's length

Close interval

Four inches

Distance

The space front to rear between individuals — 40 inches, chest to back

Depth

Total space front to rear of a formation; an individual's depth is 12 inches

Front

Space occupied flank to flank; an individual's front is 22 inches

Cover

Aligning yourself directly behind the person to your front, keeping proper distance

Dress

Alignment of elements side by side or in line, maintaining proper interval

Alignment

Dress or cover

Base

The element on which a movement is planned, regulated, or aligned

Guide

The cadet designated to regulate the direction and rate of march

Normal position of the guide in a flight

The right

Flank

The extreme right or left side of a formation, in line or in column

Head (of a column)

The leading unit of a column

Post

The correct place for an officer, NCO, or cadet to stand while in formation

Unit

Any portion of a given formation

Mass formation

Component units in column, abreast of each other, at close interval

Formation

An arrangement of units

Center of a formation

Middle point; on an even-numbered front, the right center person or element

Drill command (definition)

An oral order

Two parts of a normal command

The preparatory command and the command of execution

Preparatory command

Explains what the movement will be — e.g. "Left" in Left, FACE

Command of execution

Designates when the movement is carried out — e.g. "MARCH" in Forward, MARCH

Combined command

Preparatory and execution combined into one, given high and loud — FALL IN, AT EASE, REST

Supplementary command

Given by a subordinate leader when their unit must move differently or at a different time

Examples of supplementary commands

CONTINUE THE MARCH; STAND FAST; the word "Flight" in Squadron, ATTENTION

Informational command

No preparatory or execution part — e.g. PREPARE FOR INSPECTION, DISMISS THE SQUADRON

Command to revoke a preparatory command

AS YOU WERE

What if a command is given improperly?

Cadets execute the movement to the best of their ability

Where does the commander stand to give commands?

At attention, in front of and centered on the unit, facing it

Which way does the commander mirror the flight?

Facing the flight, the leader goes to their own left as the flight goes right

Giving commands while facing away from the unit

Generally over the right shoulder

Five qualities of a good command voice

Loudness, projection, distinctness, inflection, and snap

Loudness

The volume of the command, adjusted to distance and size of the formation

Most important muscle for commanding

The diaphragm

Projection

The ability to reach the desired distance without undue strain — focus on the farthest person

Distinctness

Correct use of tongue, lips, and teeth so the command is clearly enunciated

Inflection

The change in pitch of the voice

Inflection of the preparatory command

Rises near or at the end, usually the last syllable

Inflection of the command of execution

None — but given at a higher pitch than the preparatory command

Why is the command of execution higher pitched?

People naturally react to higher-pitched sounds by acting immediately

Snap

The extra quality that demands immediate response; expresses confidence and decisiveness

Why is MARCH pronounced "HARCH"?

Closing the mouth on the M sound builds back pressure that damages the vocal cords

Why is ARMS pronounced "HARMS"?

The H lets the burst of air pass the throat before the vocal cords tighten

How is ATTENTION pronounced?

"Tench HUT" — avoiding the A sound and giving HUT a sharp, coughlike snap

How is Ready, FRONT often pronounced?

"Reddup, HUH"

Timing of commands while marching

Given as the heel of the foot in the direction of movement strikes the ground

Point of emphasis in a multi-word command

The last word — e.g. "Flank" in Right Flank, MARCH

Interval between commands for a flight

One step between the preparatory command and the command of execution

Interval between commands for a squadron or larger

Long enough for three steps

Command to count cadence

Count Cadence, COUNT — given as the left foot strikes the ground

How cadence is counted

ONE, TWO, THREE, FOUR; ONE, TWO, THREE, FOUR — for eight steps, not shouted

Cadence counting in Right Step

The count of ONE is on the right foot, since it moves first

Mass commands

A training technique where every cadet gives and executes the commands in unison

Command to begin mass commands

AT YOUR COMMAND; the instructor then names the movement and says COMMAND

Command to end mass commands

AT MY COMMAND

Six-step method of teaching drill

Name and describe; demonstrate; explain in detail; ask questions; practice; critique

"By the numbers"

Teaching a multi-count movement one count at a time; ended with WITHOUT THE NUMBERS

"In cadence"

Cadets sound off ONE, TWO as they execute each count; ended with WITHOUT CADENCE

Position of attention: the feet

Heels together and in line, turned out equally to form a 45-degree angle

Position of attention: the hands

Cupped, not clenched, thumbs along the seams, palms facing the leg

Position of attention: the body

Erect, hips level, chest lifted, back arched, shoulders square, eyes front

Where does body weight rest at attention?

Equally on the heels and balls of both feet

Four rest positions

Parade rest, at ease, rest, and fall out

From what position are rests executed?

From a halt, and only from the position of attention

Parade rest: the feet

Left foot moves 12 inches to the left, measured inside heel to inside heel

Parade rest: the hands

Arms fully extended behind the back, right hand in the left palm, right thumb over left forming an X

Parade rest: fingers and palms

Fingers extended and joined pointing down; palms facing outward

At ease

Relax in place, right foot stays planted, silence maintained

Rest (the position)

Same as at ease, but moderate speech is permitted

Fall out

Relax or break ranks, stay in the immediate area, moderate speech permitted

Returning to attention from a rest

On "Flight," assume parade rest; on "ATTENTION," assume attention

Facing movements: when and how

From a halt, at attention, in quick time, in two counts

Right Face, count one

Raise right toe and left heel; pivot 90 degrees on the left ball and right heel

Right Face, count two

Bring the left foot smartly forward, heels together forming a 45-degree angle

About Face, count one

Place the ball of the right foot half a shoe length behind and slightly left of the left heel

About Face, count two

Pivot 180 degrees to the right on the right ball and left heel, twisting from the hips

Half Right (Left) Face

A 45-degree turn, executed like a right or left face

Hand salute: the hand

Fingers extended and joined, palm flat and tilted slightly toward the face, thumb along the forefingers

Hand salute: the arm

Upper arm horizontal, slightly forward of the body, straight line from fingertips to elbow

Hand salute: where the middle finger touches

The right front corner of the headdress

Hand salute with a non-billed hat

Middle finger touches the outside corner of the right eyebrow or front corner of the glasses

Hand salute, count two

Retrace the path down, cupping the hand as it passes the waist

Who salutes first?

The junior member, always