Ancient Greek Athletics Flashcards

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Flashcards about Ancient Greek Athletics

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44 Terms

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Agon

Central to Greek thought; excellence emerges through struggle in athletics, war, or debate.

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Patroclus’ Funeral Games

Included chariot racing, boxing, wrestling, footraces, and javelin; reflected martial skills and respect for the dead.

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Phaeacian Dances and Ball Games

Illustrated how grace, coordination, and communal performance were linked to nobility and civilized life.

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Influence on Early Greek Athletics

Minoans, Egyptians, and Near Eastern cultures contributed elements of ritualized performance.

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Mythological Origins of the Olympic Games

Herakles founded the games in honor of Zeus, tying athletic excellence to divine ancestry.

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Athletic Festivals

Reinforced Greek identity by providing shared cultural reference points like language and ideals.

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Stadion Winner

The victor often gave his name to the Olympiad, showing its prestige.

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Hoplitodromos

Emphasized military preparedness and physical discipline, reinforcing the citizen-soldier ideal.

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Rules of Ancient Greek Wrestling

No punching or biting; goal to throw/take down opponent three times; some holds forbidden.

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Pancration

An ancient Greek martial art and sporting event that combined elements of boxing and wrestling with minimal rules and high levels of intensity.

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Olympic Truce Enforcement

Heralds (spondophoroi) announced the truce; violating it could result in exclusion or fines.

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Long Jump Training

Athletes used halteres (weights) and timed their jump with music to extend leap.

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Athletic Nudity Symbolism

Embodied ideals of physical beauty, moral virtue, and separation from barbaric customs.

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Spartan Women's Athletic Participation

Spartan girls trained publicly for strength and childbirth, reflecting emphasis on strong warriors.

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Risks in Ancient Chariot Races

Naufragia (Crashes) were common due to tight turns and high speed, making races dangerous.

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Panhellenic Games Schedule

Held in a 4-year cycle with staggered intervals, allowing athletes to compete at multiple festivals.

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Themes in Epinikia by Pindar

Divine favor, ancestral glory, and the temporary nature of human achievement.

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Roman spectacles evolution

Etruscans introduced blood sports, which Romans expanded into state-sponsored gladiatorial games.

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Roman attitudes change Greek athletic practices

Romans often viewed athletics as effeminate, favoring spectacles over competition rooted in virtue

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What differentiates sport from hobbies

Physical/Mental, Competition/Seriousness, Play vs Contest.

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Shared patterns duels

in Greek athletics involve ritualistic elements, honor, and a quest for personal glory.

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Ilias Events

2-horse Chariot Race, Boxing, Wrestling, Sprint, Armed Combat (first to draw blood), Shot put/Iron Throw (distance), Archery (closest to the target), Spear throw/ Javelin

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Terma, Nyssa

Two ancient Greek athletic events, One being a type of race and the other often associated with the footrace format, showcasing the athletic prowess of competitors.

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Combat Sports

Wrestling (Palē): 708 BCE at Olympia, Boxing (Pyx): 688 BCE at Olympia, Pancration: 648 BCE at Olympia

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Wrestling (palē)

an ancient Greek combat sport that involves grappling techniques and is one of the earliest Olympic sports, introduced in 708 BCE.

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Boxing (Pyx) Equipment

Himantes- straps wrapped around the hand, Caestus - Straps wrapped around the hand with a metal plate in, Amphotidai -Ear Covers, Sphairai - a puffy glove that covers the whole wrist and hands, Korukion/korykos - Punching/training bag

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Athlon

Prize

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Athlos/Athla

Contest,Ordeal

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Pentathlon Events

Stade Race (200m Sprint), Long Jump, Discus , Javelin, Wrestling

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Hippic (Equestrian) Events

Trthrippon - 680 BCE, Keles - 648 BCE, Apenē - 500 BCE (dropped in 444 BCE), Kalpē (mares race with dismount) - 496 BCE (dropped in 444 BCE), Synoris - 408 BCE, Tethrippon for poloi (colts) - 384 BCE, Keles for poloi 256 BCE

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Hippeis

Knights, cavalry

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Play vs Contest

“An activity connected with no material interest, and no profit can be gained by it.”-Johan Huizinga Homo Ludens

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Trthrippon

4-horse chariot race - 680 BCE

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Keles

horse race - 648 BCE

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Apenē

an event that was part of the ancient Olympic Games, featuring mules instead of horses - 500 BCE (dropped in 444 BCE)

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Kalpē

mares (female horse) race with dismount - 496 BCE (dropped in 444)

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Synoris

2-horse chariot race - 408 BCE

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Tethrippon for poloi (colts)

four horse race for many - 384 BCE

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Keles for poloi

Horse Race for many - 256 BCE

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Himantes

straps wrapped around the hand

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Caestus

Straps wrapped around the hand with a metal plate in

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Amphotidai

Ear Covers

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Sphairai

a puffy glove that covers the whole wrist and hands

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Korukion/korykos

Punching/training bag