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Flashcards about Ancient Greek Athletics
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Agon
Central to Greek thought; excellence emerges through struggle in athletics, war, or debate.
Patroclus’ Funeral Games
Included chariot racing, boxing, wrestling, footraces, and javelin; reflected martial skills and respect for the dead.
Phaeacian Dances and Ball Games
Illustrated how grace, coordination, and communal performance were linked to nobility and civilized life.
Influence on Early Greek Athletics
Minoans, Egyptians, and Near Eastern cultures contributed elements of ritualized performance.
Mythological Origins of the Olympic Games
Herakles founded the games in honor of Zeus, tying athletic excellence to divine ancestry.
Athletic Festivals
Reinforced Greek identity by providing shared cultural reference points like language and ideals.
Stadion Winner
The victor often gave his name to the Olympiad, showing its prestige.
Hoplitodromos
Emphasized military preparedness and physical discipline, reinforcing the citizen-soldier ideal.
Rules of Ancient Greek Wrestling
No punching or biting; goal to throw/take down opponent three times; some holds forbidden.
Pancration
An ancient Greek martial art and sporting event that combined elements of boxing and wrestling with minimal rules and high levels of intensity.
Olympic Truce Enforcement
Heralds (spondophoroi) announced the truce; violating it could result in exclusion or fines.
Long Jump Training
Athletes used halteres (weights) and timed their jump with music to extend leap.
Athletic Nudity Symbolism
Embodied ideals of physical beauty, moral virtue, and separation from barbaric customs.
Spartan Women's Athletic Participation
Spartan girls trained publicly for strength and childbirth, reflecting emphasis on strong warriors.
Risks in Ancient Chariot Races
Naufragia (Crashes) were common due to tight turns and high speed, making races dangerous.
Panhellenic Games Schedule
Held in a 4-year cycle with staggered intervals, allowing athletes to compete at multiple festivals.
Themes in Epinikia by Pindar
Divine favor, ancestral glory, and the temporary nature of human achievement.
Roman spectacles evolution
Etruscans introduced blood sports, which Romans expanded into state-sponsored gladiatorial games.
Roman attitudes change Greek athletic practices
Romans often viewed athletics as effeminate, favoring spectacles over competition rooted in virtue
What differentiates sport from hobbies
Physical/Mental, Competition/Seriousness, Play vs Contest.
Shared patterns duels
in Greek athletics involve ritualistic elements, honor, and a quest for personal glory.
Ilias Events
2-horse Chariot Race, Boxing, Wrestling, Sprint, Armed Combat (first to draw blood), Shot put/Iron Throw (distance), Archery (closest to the target), Spear throw/ Javelin
Terma, Nyssa
Two ancient Greek athletic events, One being a type of race and the other often associated with the footrace format, showcasing the athletic prowess of competitors.
Combat Sports
Wrestling (Palē): 708 BCE at Olympia, Boxing (Pyx): 688 BCE at Olympia, Pancration: 648 BCE at Olympia
Wrestling (palē)
an ancient Greek combat sport that involves grappling techniques and is one of the earliest Olympic sports, introduced in 708 BCE.
Boxing (Pyx) Equipment
Himantes- straps wrapped around the hand, Caestus - Straps wrapped around the hand with a metal plate in, Amphotidai -Ear Covers, Sphairai - a puffy glove that covers the whole wrist and hands, Korukion/korykos - Punching/training bag
Athlon
Prize
Athlos/Athla
Contest,Ordeal
Pentathlon Events
Stade Race (200m Sprint), Long Jump, Discus , Javelin, Wrestling
Hippic (Equestrian) Events
Trthrippon - 680 BCE, Keles - 648 BCE, Apenē - 500 BCE (dropped in 444 BCE), Kalpē (mares race with dismount) - 496 BCE (dropped in 444 BCE), Synoris - 408 BCE, Tethrippon for poloi (colts) - 384 BCE, Keles for poloi 256 BCE
Hippeis
Knights, cavalry
Play vs Contest
“An activity connected with no material interest, and no profit can be gained by it.”-Johan Huizinga Homo Ludens
Trthrippon
4-horse chariot race - 680 BCE
Keles
horse race - 648 BCE
Apenē
an event that was part of the ancient Olympic Games, featuring mules instead of horses - 500 BCE (dropped in 444 BCE)
Kalpē
mares (female horse) race with dismount - 496 BCE (dropped in 444)
Synoris
2-horse chariot race - 408 BCE
Tethrippon for poloi (colts)
four horse race for many - 384 BCE
Keles for poloi
Horse Race for many - 256 BCE
Himantes
straps wrapped around the hand
Caestus
Straps wrapped around the hand with a metal plate in
Amphotidai
Ear Covers
Sphairai
a puffy glove that covers the whole wrist and hands
Korukion/korykos
Punching/training bag