Chapter 19 Review Questions and Vocab

Which of the following four elements was not essential for creating massive urban growth in late nineteenth-century America?

Settlement Houses

Which of the following did the settlement house movement offer as a means of relief for working-class women?

childcare

Why did African Americans consider moving from the rural South to the urban North following the Civil War?

to Find wage-earning work

Which of the following is true of late nineteenth-century southern and eastern European immigrants, as opposed to their western and northern European predecessors?

Ellis Island was the first destination for most southern and eastern Europeans

Which of the following was a popular pastime for working-class urban dwellers?

amusement parks

Which of the following was a disadvantage of machine politics?

Taxpayers ultimately paid a higher city taxes due to graft

Which of the following statements accurately represents Thorstein Veblen’s argument in The Theory of the Leisure Class?

the middle class was overly focused on its own comfort and consumption

Which of the following was not an element of realism?

Social darwinism

City Beautiful

a movement begun by Daniel Burnham and Fredrick Law Olmsted, who believed that cities should be built with three core tenets in mind: the inclusion of parks within city limits, the creation of wide boulevards, and the expansion of more suburbs

graft

the financial kickback provided to city bosses in exchange for political favors

Great Migration

the name for the large wave of African Americans who left the South after the Civil War, mostly moving to cities in the Northeast and Upper Midwest 

instrumentalism

a theory promoted by John Dewey, who believed that education was key to the search for the truth about ideals and institutions

machine politics

the process by which citizens of a city used their local ward alderman to work the “machine” of local politics to meet local needs within a neighborhood 

naturalism

a theory of realism that states that the laws of nature and the natural world were the only relevant laws governing humanity

pragmatism

a doctrine supported by philosopher William James, which held that Americans needed to experiment and find the truth behind underlying institutions, religions, and ideas in American life, rather than accepting them on faith

realism

a collection of theories and ideas that sought to understand the underlying changes in the United States during the late nineteenth century

settlement house movement

an early progressive reform movement, largely spearheaded by women, which sought to offer services such as childcare and free healthcare to help the working poor

social gospel

the belief that the church should be as concerned about the conditions of people in the secular world as it was with their afterlife

Social Register

a de facto directory of the wealthy socialites in each city, first published by Louis Keller in 1886

Tammany Hall

a political machine in New York, run by machine boss William Tweed with assistance from George Washington Plunkitt