MUS122 Midterm 2

Swing

1930s; Walking Bass; Lindy Hop Dance; Big Band; Balance of composition/improv

Bebop

1940s; high tempo; very technical/intricate; high range; dissonance; emphasis on improv; interactive comp w/ soloist

Cool Jazz

Toned down intensity; mid range; less aggressive accents; harmonic complexity; chill vibe

Hard Bop

used original song forms/progressions; incorporates bebop aesthetic; more simple blues-based ideas emphasizing groove

Comping

other instruments try to complement/interact with the soloist's idea

Head Arrangement

Arrangements memorized by the group through practice; often simple, riff based melody; Basie's Old Testament Band

Lindy Hop

Swing era dance move

Walking Bass

bass plays a quarter note on every beat; swing

ride pattern

repeated rhythmic pattern on ride cymbal that drives the swing feel

hi-hat

hits on beats 2, 4 in swing

Contrafact

a new melody is written over existing chord progression; bebop

32 Bar AABA

2nd most popular form in jazz; 8 bar phrase that is repeated, followed by a bridge, and repeats itself one final time

Dissonance

harmonic tension

Count Basie's Old Testament Band

head arrangements; dance music; improvisation; swing

Count Basie's New Testament Band

more intricate, faster arrangements played in a concert setting; bebop

Minton's PLayhouse

Harlem; where jam sessions developed Bebop

Cotton Club

segregated NYC venue; Duke Ellington had a 4 year arrangement here

Savoy Ballroom

unsegregated Harlem venue; swing development; Chick Webb Orchestra as house band

Chick Webb Orchestra

swing; house band at Savoy Ballroom

Andy Kirk & 12 Clouds of Joy

swing; territory band; Mary Lou Williams as innovative arranger

Benny Goodman Trio

first integrated touring group;
Benny Goodman - Clarinet;
Teddy Wilson - Piano;
Gene Krupa - Drums;

Jazz Messengers

Hard bop group; founded by Art Blakey and Horace Silver

Gerry Mulligan Quartet

cool jazz; Chordless quartet;
Gerry Mulligan - Sax;
Chet Baker - Trumpet

Birth of the Cool

Cool Jazz; led by Miles davis; 3 arrangers - Gerry Mulligan, John Lewis, Gil Evans

Chick Webb

drummer; bandleader; swing era; savoy ballroom

Gene Krupa

drummer; Benny Goodman Trio; led his own orchestra featuring Roy Elridge

Benny Goodman

clarinetist; bandleader; swing era

Count Basie

swing era and beyond; Old/New Testament Band

Teddy Wilson

pianist; Benny Goodman Trio; full member but billed as 'special guest'

Mary Lou Williams

swing era arranger; Andy Kirk & 12 Clouds of Joy

Lester Young/Coleman Hawkins

established the tenor sax as a solo instrument in jazz

Duke Ellington

one of the most influential jazz composers, bandleader, Cotton Club 1930s

Roy Elridge

trumpet, first black musician in the otherwise white Gene Krupa Orchestra

Django Reinhardt

guitarist; played with 3 fingers; improvised intricate single note lines like a horn player; worked w/ Stephane Grappelli

Stephane Grappelli

pianist/violinist; worked w/ Django Reinhardt

Charie Christian

bebop era electric guitarist; one of the first to solo w/ intricate single-note lines (like Django Reinhardt)

Charlie Parker

bebop innovator; saxophone

Dizzy Gillespie

bebop innovator, trumpet

Kenny Clarke

bebop innovator, drummer; transferred primary time keeping from bass drum to hi-hat; Modern Jazz Quartet

Bud Powell

bebop innovator, pianist

Miles Davis

associated w birth of Bebop, Cool Jazz, Hard Bop; trumpetist; banleader; Modern Jazz Quartet

Gil Evans

arranger; Birth of the Cool

John Lewis

Pianist; Birth of the Cool arranger; Founder Modern Jazz Quartet

Gerry Mulligan

Bari sax; arranger/sax Birth of the Cool; led Gerry Mulligan Quartet

Chet Baker

trumpetist; Gerry Mulligan Quartet

Dave Brubeck

cool jazz; pianist, bandleader

Wes Montgomery

Hard Bop Guitarist; unique tone from using his thumb as a pick; used single note phrases, octaves, full chord melodies in solos

Clifford Brown

hard bop trumpet

Horace Silver

Hard Pop Pianist; co-founder Jazz Messengers

Art Blakey

Hard Bop drummer; co-founder Jazz Messengers