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What is the Neolithic Revolution?
The transition from hunter-gatherer societies to agriculture and permanent settlements.
Define civilization.
Complex societies with cities, organized governments, job specialization, and social classes.
What are the characteristics of a civilization?
Cities, organized government, complex religions, job specialization, social classes, writing, and arts.
What is the significance of the River Valley Civilizations?
They were among the first complex societies, including Egypt, Mesopotamia, Indus Valley, and China.
What role did agriculture play in early civilizations?
It allowed for surplus food production, leading to population growth and the development of cities.
What were the major advancements during the period of Unit 1?
Advancements included agriculture, pottery, weaving, and metallurgy.
What is a city-state?
A political unit consisting of a city and surrounding countryside that governs itself.
Define trade networks.
Systems for exchanging goods and services that often link multiple civilizations.
What was the impact of writing systems?
Writing systems allowed for better record-keeping, communication, and the codification of laws.
How did social hierarchies affect early civilizations?
Social hierarchies created structure and organization, often leading to unequal power dynamics and roles.
What are the AP World History Unit 1 time periods?
Unit 1 covers from c. 1200 to c. 1450.
What major event marks the beginning of Unit 1?
The establishment of regional and interregional patterns that laid the foundation for future civilizations.
Name a key characteristic of early civilizations.
Early civilizations often developed along rivers, benefiting from fertile lands.
What role did trade play in early civilizations?
Trade facilitated cultural exchange and economic interdependence among societies.
Identify a major agricultural development in Unit 1.
Domestication of plants and animals led to increased food production.
Describe the significance of the Silk Road.
The Silk Road was a key trade route that connected Asia with Europe, facilitating cultural and economic exchange.
What were the effects of the development of metallurgy?
Metallurgy led to advanced tools and weapons, enhancing agricultural and military capabilities.
What is pastoralism?
A form of agriculture that involves the herding of animals for food, clothing, and shelter.
What does the term 'civilization' imply in AP World History?
A complex society characterized by cities, social classes, and organized government.
Name one of the earliest River Valley civilizations.
Mesopotamia is one of the earliest River Valley civilizations, located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
What role did environmental factors play in the development of civilizations?
Access to water sources and fertile land influenced where civilizations developed.
How did social stratification manifest in early civilizations?
Social stratification resulted in distinct social classes including rulers, priests, merchants, and laborers.
What was the impact of urbanization during this period?
Urbanization led to increased trade, cultural exchange, and the development of complex social structures.
How did religion influence early civilizations?
Religion helped unify people, established moral codes, and supported political power.
What was the role of writing in early civilizations?
Writing systems allowed for record-keeping and the transmission of cultural and religious ideas.
What does 'division of labor' refer to?
The assignment of different tasks to different people, leading to increased efficiency in production.
Identify one of the major empires that arose during Unit 1.
The Persian Empire was a significant empire known for its administrative efficiency and tolerance.
What was the significance of the Trans-Saharan trade routes?
Trans-Saharan routes facilitated trade in gold, salt, and other commodities between Africa and Eurasia.
What is a city-state and give an example from Unit 1.
A city-state is an independent urban center; an example is Athens in ancient Greece.
What does the term 'sumer' refer to?
Sumer refers to the ancient civilization located in southern Mesopotamia, known for its innovations.
What were the major advancements in architecture during Unit 1?
Advancements included the building of ziggurats, pyramids, and fortified cities.
Name a significant trade good exchanged on the Silk Road.
Silk was a significant trade good that was highly valued across different civilizations.
How did public works reflect a civilization's sophistication?
Public works such as roads and irrigation systems indicated organized government and resource management.
What was the role of artisans in early civilizations?
Artisans contributed to economic activity by producing specialized goods, such as pottery and textiles.
How did the agricultural revolution affect population growth?
The agricultural revolution provided food surpluses that supported larger populations.
What is meant by the term 'cultural diffusion'?
Cultural diffusion refers to the spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.
What are the characteristics of nomadic societies?
Nomadic societies are characterized by mobility, relying on hunting, gathering, and herding.
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