COMM100 Exam 2

Public speaking class - unit two - chpt. 4, 7, 13, 16

Reason for informative speeches

to educate audience, demonstrate how to do something, raise awareness, provide in-depth explanation

Boomerang effects

audience dislikes speaker for giving too much information

Persuasive speech reasons

reinforces or changes attitudes, motivates, has pieces of infomative

informative speech reasons

want listeners to understand a topic better, has qualities of persuasive but its just the facts

expository presentation

explains terms, concepts, object/place

Process or demonstration presentation

explains how something works, how to do something, use a chronological pattern

narrative presentation

describes event, tells a story

Comparison/contrast presentations

presents similarities and differences, use a topical pattern of organization

Guidelines for informative speaking

choose personally involving topic, capture & hold attention, explain how they will benefit from the speech.

Pros of conversational language

creates a sense of immediacy with the audience & makes speaker likable

How many main points should be used for an informative speech?

Three main points

How to make content understandable

connect unfamiliar with familiar, organize the ideas, repeat yourself, limit new information, get audience involved.

Preparing speech 5 steps acronym

TICRR

TICRR meaning

Think about audience, Investigate the topic, Compose, Rehearse, Revise

How to come up with topic ideas

interests & experiences, brainstorming, make a concept map

Questions to ask when deciding a topic

is it personally or socially important, is there time, is it appropriate, is there quality information available.

Demographic examples

age, sex, education level, socioeconomic status, family status, culture

attitudes

favorable or unfavorable evaluations about the speaker

beliefs

convictions about what is true or untrue

How old should your sources be?

no older than 3-5 years.

values

strongly held beliefs that guide behavior

Captive Audience

required to attend presentation - high school students, employees, family members, TV commercial viewers

voluntary audience

attending presentation by choice - conferences, groups, individuals at public events, comedy show guests, etc

analyzing audiences

ask basic questions to prepare speech better

purpose statement

one complete sentence summarizing the goal of the speech

information needs

what does the audience need to know, background, appropriate info, requirements, current resources

Personal knowledge/personal stories

makes you approachable to audience

primary sources

direct accounts, straight from original source

secondary source

works that analyze & interpret primary and secondary sources

consentual validation

other sources agree with your research

information interview

asking questions to gain knowledge or understanding, asking experts in the field

6 stages of listening process

Receiving, understanding, interpreting, evaluating, remembering, and responding.

Receiving definition

when seeing and hearing are experienced together

understanding definition

recognizing literal (denotative) meaning of words.

Evaluating

comparing new information to past knowledge.

Interpretting

identifying implications (connotative) meanings in people’s words.

remembering (recall) definition

calling messages back to conscious mind.

mnemonics

mental device that aids memory, repeat device

responding definition

communication attention and comprehension to speaker

Positive feedback

looking at speaker, smile, body facing the speaker.

negative feedback

avoiding eye contact, turning body away, look bored or distracted.

motives for listening

to comprehend, provide support, to analyze, appreciate, discern.

People who multitask:

shift their attention between multiple things, poor listeners, miss information or mishear.

listening style definition

habitual pattern of listening behaviors, reflects attitudes, beliefs, predispositions and listening.

task oriented listeners

see listening as transactional, prefer brief, to the point and accurate messages, focus on task completion.

Relational listeners

listening is opportunity to build and maintain relationships, listen to empathetically connect with others, understand others’ viewpoints, feelings, and emotions.

Critical listeners

Focus attention on accuracy and consistency of what others say, critically consider and evaluate messages, discern mistakes and catch errors.

Analytical listeners

withhold judgement until all facts and sides are considered, evalutate information/details before forming opinions.

gender listening styles

all genders can be task oriented, relational, critical, or analytical listeners. They are more similar than different.

selective listening

absorbing some info, dismissing the rest, natural result of fluctuating attention.

Pseudo listening

pretending to pay attention, prevents us from absorbing the information, can be unethical because of deception.

aggressive listening

listening for an opportunity to attack conversational partners. Think less favorably of themselves. Physical relationship violence.

Adaptive listening

quickly and flexibly adapt listening styles based on situation, purpose, and needs.

mediated communication

any communication separated by technological devices.

mass media

sending messages from content creators to huge relatively anonymous audiences (think yikyak)

social media

directly send and recieve messages to manage personal and professional relationships.

instrumental goals of mediated communication

goal to communicate accross technology

relational goals of mediated communication

how you build, maintain, and terminate bonds

synchronous communication

exchanging messages in real time, difficult or complicated messages.

asynchronous communication

exchange of messages with time lapses, for simple, nonurgent messages.

restrictions of nonverbal messages

no social cues, body language not available, tone is not distinguishable.

social information processing theory

people on social media choose words carefully, can compensate for lack of cues.

backchannel cues

verbal and nonverbal behaviors that show listeners we’re paying attention and comprehending them.