Exception Handling

exceptions

errors that occur during execution, usually caused in the environment where the code executes

ValueError

wrong value in specified data type

SyntaxError

violation of Python’s grammar rules

TypeError

two different types are combined

IndexError

index of a sequence doesn’t exist

KeyError

key doesn’t exist in dictionary

ZeroDivisionError

attempt to divide by zero

try

code that may cause errors

except

executes if exception occurs, skipped if not

else

executes if no exception occurs

finally

always executes regardless of exceptions

custom exceptions

defined by subclassing the built-in Exception class

exception chaining

allows you to link a newly raised exception to a previous one; use raise…from

exception groups

handles multiple exceptions simultaneously

context manager

allocates and releases resources precisely when needed

re-raising exceptions

allows you to catch an exception, perform some actions, and re-raise the exception